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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

Spatial attention effects during conscious and nonconscious processing of visual features and objects.

Evelina Tapia¹, Bruno G Breitmeyer, Jane Jacob

¹Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA. evelina@illinois.edu

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance

|October 11, 2012

Summary

Conscious and nonconscious processing of visual stimuli both generate spatial attention effects. These effects show similar spatial gradients, suggesting comparable attention mechanisms operate across awareness levels.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Visual Perception

Background:

Spatial attention guides visual processing.
Understanding conscious and nonconscious attention is crucial for cognitive models.
Feature processing (form, color, conjunctions) impacts attentional mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate spatial attention properties during conscious and nonconscious processing.
To compare flanker congruency effects under varying awareness conditions.
To determine if attention gradients differ for conscious versus nonconscious stimuli.

Main Methods:

Utilized a masked flanker task to measure flanker congruency effects.
Manipulated stimulus awareness (conscious vs. nonconscious) and feature processing (form, color, conjunctions).
Varied the spatial separation between probe and flanking stimuli.

Main Results:

Flanker congruency effects were observed for both conscious and nonconscious distractors.
Congruency effects diminished with increased spatial separation, even for masked flankers.
Attention gradients showed comparable rates of decrease for visible and masked flankers.
Attention gradients were similar regardless of whether form, color, or conjunctions were attended.

Conclusions:

Spatial attention mechanisms operate similarly for conscious and nonconscious visual processing.
The gradient of spatial attention is nearly identical across awareness levels for object features.
Nonconscious visual information may have a slightly broader spatial attention gradient.