Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
Cranial Nerves: Types Part I01:14

Cranial Nerves: Types Part I

Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves, with the first six being essential in sensory perception, motor control, and autonomic functions related to the head and neck.
Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)
The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is unique as it is purely sensory and dedicated to the sense of smell. This nerve originates in the olfactory epithelium of the...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Randomized Trial of Tenecteplase in Acute Central Retinal Artery Occlusion.

The New England journal of medicine·2026
Same author

Tenecteplase in Central Retinal Artery Occlusion Study (TenCRAOS): Protocol for a randomized-controlled trial.

European stroke journal·2025
Same author

Dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway is related to persistent cognitive impairment in tick-borne encephalitis.

Brain, behavior, and immunity·2025
Same author

Clinical Characteristics of Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Adult Patients: A 10-year Retrospective Study in Stockholm, Sweden.

The Journal of infectious diseases·2024
Same author

[Four perspectives on Graves' orbitopathy - from the point of view of the patient, general practitioner, endocrinologist, and ophthalmologist].

Lakartidningen·2024
Same author

Long-term neurological and neurocognitive impairments after tick-borne encephalitis in Lithuania - a prospective study.

Infectious diseases (London, England)·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Detecting the Lyme Disease Spirochete, Borrelia Burgdorferi, in Ticks Using Nested PCR
07:20

Detecting the Lyme Disease Spirochete, Borrelia Burgdorferi, in Ticks Using Nested PCR

Published on: February 4, 2018

Optic nerve involvement in Lyme disease.

Frank Träisk1, Lars Lindquist

  • 1Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Clinic of Neuro-Ophthalmology, Karolinska Institute, St Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. frank.traisk@sankterik.se

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology
|October 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Optic neuropathy is a rare complication of Lyme neuroborreliosis. While clinical guidelines are lacking, consider Lyme disease in adults with painless vision loss and bilateral optic nerve swelling, especially in endemic areas.

More Related Videos

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
12:23

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients

Published on: April 14, 2014

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents
10:10

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents

Published on: February 15, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Detecting the Lyme Disease Spirochete, Borrelia Burgdorferi, in Ticks Using Nested PCR
07:20

Detecting the Lyme Disease Spirochete, Borrelia Burgdorferi, in Ticks Using Nested PCR

Published on: February 4, 2018

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
12:23

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients

Published on: April 14, 2014

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents
10:10

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents

Published on: February 15, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, a tick-borne spirochete, can cause diverse neurological manifestations.
  • Optic nerve involvement is reported in Lyme neuroborreliosis, but clear diagnostic guidelines are absent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on optic neuropathy associated with Lyme neuroborreliosis.
  • To identify potential clinical indicators for considering Lyme disease in patients with optic neuropathy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of case reports and studies on optic neuropathy and Lyme neuroborreliosis.
  • Analysis of reported clinical features and diagnostic criteria.

Main Results:

  • Optic neuropathy is a rare manifestation of Lyme neuroborreliosis.
  • Papilledema in Lyme meningitis predominantly affects children.
  • Few cases link retrobulbar optic neuritis, papillitis, neuroretinitis, and ischemic optic neuropathy to Lyme neuroborreliosis.

Conclusions:

  • Clinical 'red flags' for Lyme neuroborreliosis-associated optic neuropathy are not well-defined due to limited case reports.
  • In adults, painless visual loss and bilateral optic nerve head swelling warrant consideration of Lyme neuroborreliosis, particularly in endemic regions.
  • Diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis requires adherence to established criteria.