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Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
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Cancer

Cancer

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Updated: May 17, 2026

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cancer Drug Sensitization In Vitro and In Vivo

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cancer Drug Sensitization In Vitro and In Vivo

Published on: February 6, 2015

On enzyme-based anticancer molecular dietary manipulations.

Andrea Sapone¹, Donatella Canistro, Simone Melega

¹Molecular Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Alma-Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy. andrea.sapone@unibo.it

Journal of Biomedicine & Biotechnology

|October 11, 2012

Summary

Focusing on single nutrients from fruits and vegetables to prevent cancer is not viable. A healthy diet, emphasizing whole foods and dietary patterns, is key to reducing cancer risk and promoting health.

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Area of Science:

Nutritional Science
Biochemistry
Cancer Research

Background:

Epidemiological and experimental data suggest fruits and vegetables prevent cancer and heart disease.
Dietary approaches have simplified to using single bioactive components or functional foods to manipulate xenobiotic metabolism.
This manipulation aims to enhance detoxification or inhibit bioactivation of mutagens/carcinogens.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the viability of manipulating physiological catalysts through isolated nutrient administration.
To challenge the simplified approach of using single bioactive components for disease prevention.
To propose an alternative strategy for cancer risk reduction and public health policy.

Main Methods:

Review of existing epidemiological and experimental evidence.
Analysis of the biological outcomes of enzyme modulators.
Theoretical evaluation of long-term administration of isolated nutrients.

Main Results:

The manipulation of physiological catalysts via isolated nutrients is not a viable strategy.
Single bioactive components can have unpredictable and paradoxical biological effects.
The concept of easily manipulating enzyme activity with isolated compounds is flawed.

Conclusions:

Consumption of healthy diets, rather than isolated compounds, is most likely to reduce mutagenesis and cancer risk.
Research and dietary recommendations should shift focus from single molecules to dietary patterns.
Dietary patterns represent a more effective public health strategy for disease prevention.