Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are co-secreted in...

T Cell Types and Functions

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

Insulin Secretory Vesicles

Insulin Secretory Vesicles

Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...

Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas

Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas

The pancreas, a vital organ within the abdominal cavity, plays dual roles in the digestive and endocrine systems, collaborating with exocrine and endocrine cells to maintain optimal digestion and blood sugar levels.
Exocrine function is carried out by acinar cells, organized into clusters known as acini. These cells contribute to digestion by releasing substantial quantities of enzyme-rich, alkaline digestive juices.
Concurrently, the dispersed clusters of endocrine cells throughout the...

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment primarily uses...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Deep learning approaches for classification of copper-containing metal scrap in recycling processes.

Waste management (New York, N.Y.)·2024

Same author

Characterization of a human thyroid microtissue model for testing thyroid disrupting chemicals.

Frontiers in toxicology·2024

Same author

The development and testing of a smart sensorized guide wire for catheterization in a "blood" vessel phantom to support aortic valve implementation.

International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery·2024

Same author

Inline classification of polymer films using Machine learning methods.

Waste management (New York, N.Y.)·2023

Same author

Identifying drivers of forest resilience in long-term records from the Neotropics.

Biology letters·2020

Same author

Role of the 12-lipoxygenase pathway in diabetes pathogenesis and complications.

Pharmacology & therapeutics·2018

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform

A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform

Published on: July 16, 2016

Production and function of IL-12 in islets and beta cells.

D A Taylor-Fishwick¹, J R Weaver, W Grzesik

¹Strelitz Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 W. Olney Road, Norfolk, VA 23501, USA. Taylord@evms.edu

|October 12, 2012

Summary

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) directly impairs beta cell function and insulin secretion in diabetes. Beta cells produce IL-12, contributing to their own pathology in inflammatory conditions.

More Related Videos

Analysis of Beta-cell Function Using Single-cell Resolution Calcium Imaging in Zebrafish Islets

Analysis of Beta-cell Function Using Single-cell Resolution Calcium Imaging in Zebrafish Islets

Published on: July 3, 2018

Sustained Administration of β-cell Mitogens to Intact Mouse Islets Ex Vivo Using Biodegradable Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microspheres

Sustained Administration of β-cell Mitogens to Intact Mouse Islets Ex Vivo Using Biodegradable Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microspheres

Published on: November 5, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform

A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform

Published on: July 16, 2016

Analysis of Beta-cell Function Using Single-cell Resolution Calcium Imaging in Zebrafish Islets

Analysis of Beta-cell Function Using Single-cell Resolution Calcium Imaging in Zebrafish Islets

Published on: July 3, 2018

Sustained Administration of β-cell Mitogens to Intact Mouse Islets Ex Vivo Using Biodegradable Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microspheres

Sustained Administration of β-cell Mitogens to Intact Mouse Islets Ex Vivo Using Biodegradable Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microspheres

Published on: November 5, 2016

Area of Science:

Immunology
Endocrinology
Cell Biology

Background:

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is crucial in early inflammatory responses and implicated in diabetes pathogenesis.
The direct impact of IL-12 on pancreatic islets and beta cells remains largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the direct effects of IL-12 on human islet and beta cell function, gene expression, and protein production.
To determine if beta cells are a source of IL-12 and if IL-12 contributes to beta cell pathology.

Main Methods:

Primary human islets and murine beta cell lines (INS-1) were stimulated with IL-12 or a pro-inflammatory cytokine cocktail.
Assessed beta cell function, gene expression (including IFNG), and protein production.
Utilized IL-12 neutralizing antibodies to block IL-12 activity.

Main Results:

Pro-inflammatory cytokines induced islet dysfunction and increased IL-12 ligand and receptor expression in human islets.
IL-12 receptor localized to insulin-producing cells; IL-12 upregulated IFNG gene expression in INS-1 cells.
IL-12 impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in both cell types; IL-12 blockade reversed pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced beta cell dysfunction.

Conclusions:

Beta cells are identified as a local source of IL-12 ligand.
IL-12 plays a direct role in mediating beta cell pathology, impacting insulin secretion and survival.