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Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...

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Updated: May 17, 2026

Three-Dimensional Preoperative Virtual Planning in Derotational Proximal Femoral Osteotomy

Three-Dimensional Preoperative Virtual Planning in Derotational Proximal Femoral Osteotomy

Published on: February 17, 2023

Osteotomy around the knee: evolution, principles and results.

J O Smith¹, A J Wilson, N P Thomas

¹Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Basingstoke and North Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Aldermaston Road, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG24 9NA, UK. jsmith@doctors.org.uk

Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy : Official Journal of the ESSKA

|October 12, 2012

Summary

Osteotomy around the knee has evolved significantly, becoming a validated procedure for specific knee conditions when performed with modern techniques and proper patient selection. This surgical intervention offers beneficial outcomes for degenerative disease and deformity.

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Area of Science:

Orthopedic surgery
Biomechanical engineering

Background:

Osteotomy around the knee has a long history with evolving principles and techniques.
Early osteotomy procedures had unpredictable and often poor outcomes.

Observation:

Knee osteotomy faced declining popularity due to inconsistent results and the rise of knee arthroplasty.
Achieving correct limb alignment is now recognized as a crucial foundational step in knee surgery planning.

Findings:

Despite historical challenges, osteotomy remains a relevant surgical option.
Modern advancements in fixation and rehabilitation have improved outcomes.
Appropriate patient selection and pre-operative planning are key to success.

Implications:

Osteotomy is an effective biological treatment for knee degenerative disease, deformity, and instability.
It serves as a valuable adjunct to other complex knee surgeries, including cartilage and meniscal procedures.