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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

In Ovo Feeding of Commercial Broiler Eggs: An Accurate and Reproducible Method to Affect Muscle Development and Growth

In Ovo Feeding of Commercial Broiler Eggs: An Accurate and Reproducible Method to Affect Muscle Development and Growth

Published on: September 20, 2021

Yolky eggs prepare for metabolic acceleration.

S A L M Kooijman¹

¹Department of Theoretical Biology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. bas@bio.vu.nl

Journal of Mathematical Biology

|October 12, 2012

Summary

Embryos use reserves for growth, with "yolkiness" defining initial resource levels. Development accelerates post-birth, a phenomenon explained by life history traits.

Area of Science:

Developmental biology
Life history theory
Ecological physiology

Background:

Embryos allocate energy reserves for development, with minimum and maximum initial reserves influenced by maternal nutrition and species.
Embryonic development rates often differ from later life stages, necessitating a period of accelerated growth.
The Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) model provides a framework for understanding organismal energy allocation and development.

Purpose of the Study:

To define and quantify "yolkiness" in animal eggs based on initial reserve ratios.
To analyze the phenomenon of metabolic acceleration during early juvenile development.
To explore the relationship between yolkiness, metabolic acceleration, and life history strategies.

Main Methods:

Estimated parameters of the standard DEB model for 165 species.

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Primary Endodermal Epithelial Cell Culture from the Yolk Sac Membrane of Japanese Quail Embryos

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In Ovo Feeding of Commercial Broiler Eggs: An Accurate and Reproducible Method to Affect Muscle Development and Growth

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Quantified "yolkiness" using the ratio of maximum to minimum initial reserves.

Quantified metabolic acceleration as the ratio of lengths at metamorphosis to birth.

Analyzed proportionality between yolkiness and metabolic acceleration.

Main Results:

The DEB model demonstrated a very good fit with empirical data across numerous species.
A clear proportionality relationship was identified between "yolkiness" and metabolic acceleration.
Observed acceleration in development is linked to increasing assimilation and energy conductance with body length.

Conclusions:

"Yolkiness" and metabolic acceleration are key, related life history traits.
The findings offer insights into the evolutionary and physiological underpinnings of developmental strategies.
Further research can explore life history trade-offs and adaptive significance of these parameters.