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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

Overview
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

High-Efficiency Generation of Antigen-Specific Primary Mouse Cytotoxic T Cells for Functional Testing in an Autoimmune Diabetes Model
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High-Efficiency Generation of Antigen-Specific Primary Mouse Cytotoxic T Cells for Functional Testing in an Autoimmune Diabetes Model

Published on: August 16, 2019

Cellular targeting in autoimmunity.

Jennifer L Rogers1, Donald S Serafin, Roman G Timoshchenko

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA.

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
|October 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biologic agents initially for cancer are now treating autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. Advances in understanding immune cell signaling drive these targeted therapies for autoimmune disorders.

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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

High-Efficiency Generation of Antigen-Specific Primary Mouse Cytotoxic T Cells for Functional Testing in an Autoimmune Diabetes Model
11:31

High-Efficiency Generation of Antigen-Specific Primary Mouse Cytotoxic T Cells for Functional Testing in an Autoimmune Diabetes Model

Published on: August 16, 2019

Development of Stem Cell-derived Antigen-specific Regulatory T Cells Against Autoimmunity
10:10

Development of Stem Cell-derived Antigen-specific Regulatory T Cells Against Autoimmunity

Published on: November 8, 2016

Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry
12:36

Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry

Published on: June 26, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Rheumatology
  • Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Background:

  • Biologic agents, initially developed for malignancies, are increasingly utilized for autoimmune diseases.
  • Autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and Sjogren's syndrome are targets for these therapies.
  • Progress in understanding immune cell function and signaling pathways has enabled targeted immune interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recently FDA-approved biologic therapies for autoimmune diseases.
  • To discuss promising investigational drugs targeting immune cell function and signaling.
  • To highlight the impact of selective immune targeting on managing autoimmune disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of FDA-approved biologic therapies.
  • Analysis of investigational drugs affecting immune cell pathways.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of effector cell function in autoimmune disease.

Main Results:

  • Several biologic agents approved for cancer show efficacy in autoimmune conditions.
  • Targeted therapies are significantly altering the management landscape of autoimmune disorders.
  • Ongoing research is identifying novel drugs with specific immune-modulating mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Selective immune targeting represents a paradigm shift in treating autoimmune diseases.
  • Understanding immune cell signaling is crucial for developing effective biologic therapies.
  • The review covers both approved and emerging biologic treatments for various autoimmune conditions.