Tracheal perforation by an oesophageal stent

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Pulmonology
• Oncology

Background:

• Esophageal cancer often requires interventions like stenting to manage dysphagia and complications.
• Tracheal perforation is a rare but serious complication associated with esophageal stent placement.
• Oesophagotracheal fistula formation presents significant management challenges in patients with advanced malignancy.

Observation:

• A 63-year-old female patient with esophageal carcinoma experienced tracheal perforation following initial esophageal stent placement.
• The first esophageal stent dislocated spontaneously, necessitating a revised approach.
• Diagnosis of an oesophagotracheal fistula was confirmed.

Findings:

• A second stenting procedure was performed using a shorter esophageal stent.
• The shorter stent was successfully placed, resolving the tracheal perforation and fistula.
• This case highlights the technical difficulties and potential for complications during esophageal stenting.

Implications:

• Successful management of oesophagotracheal fistula requires careful stent selection and procedural technique.
• This complication underscores the importance of vigilance for airway integrity in advanced esophageal cancer patients undergoing stenting.
• Further research into optimal stenting strategies for complex cases may improve patient outcomes.