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Related Concept Videos

Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
Overview of Pulmonary Circulation01:19

Overview of Pulmonary Circulation

The pulmonary circulation is a vital system in our body that acts as a bridge between the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. It serves as a transport network for deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and then returns oxygen-rich blood back to the heart.
The process begins with the right ventricle of the heart pumping deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary trunk. This large vessel extends about 5 centimeters before splitting into the left and right pulmonary arteries. These arteries...
Overview of Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation01:15

Overview of Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation

The systemic and pulmonary circuits are crucial components of the circulatory system, working together to transport blood between the heart, lungs, and the rest of the body. The process begins with pulmonary circulation, where deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary trunk and arteries. Upon reaching the lungs, the blood becomes oxygenated and returns to the heart, specifically to the left atrium, via the pulmonary veins.
The oxygenated blood is sent...
Overview of the Heart01:07

Overview of the Heart

The heart, a muscular organ located in the chest, functions as the body's pump, circulating blood through the vascular system. It has four chambers: two atria on top and two ventricles below. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and passes it to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and transfers it to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the rest of the body.
The heart's structure...
Overview of Systemic Arteries01:11

Overview of Systemic Arteries

The human body is a complex, well-organized machine, and at the heart of its operations lies the circulatory system. This network of blood vessels, which includes systemic arteries, plays a vital role in maintaining life by transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste products to and from cells throughout the body.
Systemic circulation is the part of the cardiovascular system that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body's tissues and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...

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Hemodynamic Precision in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit using Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography
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Patent ductus arteriosus: an overview.

James E Dice1, Jatinder Bhatia

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia.

The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics : JPPT : the Official Journal of PPAG
|October 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common congenital heart defect in infants, especially preterm ones. Ibuprofen lysine offers effective PDA treatment with a better safety profile than indomethacin.

Keywords:
cyclooxygenase inhibitorsibuprofen lysineindomethacinnon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugspatent ductus arteriosusprostaglandins

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Cardiology
  • Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease

Background:

  • Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a frequent congenital heart defect, particularly in preterm infants.
  • While ductal patency is vital in utero, persistent patency postnatally leads to significant infant morbidity and mortality.
  • Prematurity alters normal closure mechanisms like oxygen tension and prostaglandin levels, contributing to PDA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging, and management strategies for PDA.
  • To compare the efficacy and safety of pharmacologic agents used for PDA closure.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of PDA pathophysiology, clinical signs, diagnostic modalities, and treatment options.
  • Comparative analysis of pharmacologic interventions, specifically indomethacin and ibuprofen lysine.

Main Results:

  • Clinical signs include murmur, tachycardia, and potentially congestive heart failure; diagnostic imaging is crucial for confirmation.
  • Management options include fluid restriction, diuretics, medical intervention, and surgical ligation.
  • Both indomethacin and ibuprofen lysine are effective for pharmacologic closure, but ibuprofen lysine shows a superior safety profile, especially regarding renal effects.

Conclusions:

  • PDA management requires a multi-faceted approach considering clinical presentation and gestational age.
  • Ibuprofen lysine represents a preferred pharmacologic option for PDA closure due to its improved safety profile compared to indomethacin.