Thyroid nodules in childhood: a single institute experience

Thyroid nodules are rare in children. Multiple diagnostic modalities are used to evaluate the thyroid mass. The aim of this study was to determine results of management of thyroid nodules in children with special attention to the role of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in diagnosis.

Thirty-two children who underwent surgery for thyroid nodules in Mofid Children's Hospital within 10 years (1996 to 2005) were retrospectively studied. From clinical records we obtained data about demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, ultrasonography (USG) findings, and FNAB results, pathological reports, surgical therapy and complications. Data was analyzed statistically for association with thyroid cancer.

Twenty-five patients (78.1%) were girls, and 7 (21.9%) boys. Mean age was 10.9 (range 8 to 14) years. 24 (75%) patients had benign and 8 (25%) malignant tumors. 18 (56.25%) nodules were located in the right lobe. Statistical analysis revealed sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values as follows: 80%, 65%, 63%, 25%, and 86% for USG; 35%, 41%, 40%, 18%, and 66% for RNS; 91%, 94%, 90%, 74%, and 96% for FNAB respectively.

Clinical judgment as determined by serial physical findings with USG continues to be the most important factor in the management of thyroid nodules in children. FNAB is the most accurate method of investigation and its accuracy is improved by USG guidance.