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International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure
Published on: March 12, 2020
Pneumothorax after mechanical ventilation in newborns.
Abdolreza Malek1, Nargess Afzali, Mojtaba Meshkat
1Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran.
Iranian Journal of Pediatrics
|October 12, 2012
Summary
Mechanical ventilation can cause pneumothorax in newborns. Surfactant replacement therapy significantly reduces this risk, improving outcomes for infants requiring respiratory support.
Area of Science:
- Neonatalogy
- Pediatric Critical Care
- Respiratory Medicine
Background:
- Air leak syndromes, such as pneumothorax, are common in neonates, often linked to positive pressure mechanical ventilation.
- Understanding predisposing factors and incidence is crucial for managing these complications in critically ill newborns.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate factors predisposing to pneumothorax in mechanically ventilated newborns.
- To determine the incidence of pneumothorax in this vulnerable population.
Main Methods:
- A descriptive, cross-sectional study of 400 mechanically ventilated neonates in an Iranian teaching hospital ICU (April 2004 - December 2008).
- Data collected included demographics, delivery type, surfactant therapy, ventilator settings, and mortality.
- Statistical analyses involved univariate and regression analyses using SPSS software.
Main Results:
- Pneumothorax occurred in 26% (102/400) of mechanically ventilated neonates.
- Risk factors included male sex, preterm birth, low birth weight (<2500g), and cesarean delivery.
- Inspiratory Positive Pressure Ventilation (IPPV) was the most common ventilation type associated with pneumothorax; surfactant therapy was less frequent in neonates with pneumothorax (32.4% vs. 60.4%, P=0.017).
Conclusions:
- Surfactant replacement therapy is associated with a reduced risk of pneumothorax in mechanically ventilated newborns.
- Identifying and mitigating predisposing factors is essential for preventing air leak syndromes in neonatal intensive care.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Pneumothorax-I
A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
01:27Pneumothorax-II
Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
Clinical Manifestations:
01:08Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology
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Negative-Pressure Ventilators
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01:29Mechanical Ventilation I: Indication and Settings
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