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Prevalence of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Preschool-aged Iranian Children

Alipasha Meysamie1, Maryam Daneshvar Fard, Mohammad-Reza Mohammadi

  • 1Department of Community Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Iranian Journal of Pediatrics
|October 12, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Parent and teacher evaluations show significant differences in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom prevalence among Iranian preschoolers. Multiple setting screenings are recommended for accurate ADHD identification in children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Psychology
  • Child Psychiatry
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder.
  • Understanding ADHD symptom prevalence in preschool children is crucial for early intervention and management strategies.
  • Epidemiologic data on ADHD in preschool populations, particularly from diverse cultural contexts, is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in Iranian preschool children.
  • To compare ADHD symptom prevalence based on parent versus teacher evaluations.
  • To identify factors associated with ADHD symptoms in this age group.

Main Methods:

  • A multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 37 kindergartens.
  • A total of 2213 preschool children aged 3-6 years were initially included in the study.
  • A 19-item observer-rating questionnaire was administered to parents and teachers to assess ADHD symptoms over the past six months.

Main Results:

  • Parent evaluations indicated ADHD symptoms in 25.8% of children, while teacher evaluations identified 17%.
  • Significant discrepancies were observed between parent and teacher assessments of ADHD symptoms.
  • Factors such as child rank among siblings, mother's education, and interest in aggressive TV programs were associated with ADHD symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • There is a notable discrepancy in ADHD symptom prevalence estimates between parent and teacher evaluations in preschool children.
  • ADHD screening should ideally be conducted in multiple settings (e.g., home and school) to ensure comprehensive identification.
  • Further investigation is warranted to understand the reasons for these discrepancies and refine diagnostic approaches.
Abstract

Keywords:
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorderIranian ChildrenPreschool age

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