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Related Concept Videos

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
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Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Tissue Transplantation01:24

Tissue Transplantation

Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Engineering Tendon Assembloids to Probe Cellular Crosstalk in Disease and Repair
08:32

Engineering Tendon Assembloids to Probe Cellular Crosstalk in Disease and Repair

Published on: March 22, 2024

Toward engineering a biological joint replacement.

Grace D O'Connell1, Eric G Lima, Liming Bian

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, USA.

The Journal of Knee Surgery
|October 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tissue engineering offers hope for osteoarthritis patients by creating lab-grown cartilage. However, challenges like nutrient delivery and tissue integration must be overcome for fully functional cartilage replacements.

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Design of a Biaxial Mechanical Loading Bioreactor for Tissue Engineering
08:04

Design of a Biaxial Mechanical Loading Bioreactor for Tissue Engineering

Published on: April 25, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability and pain in the United States.
  • The poor regenerative capacity of adult articular cartilage presents a significant treatment challenge.
  • Tissue engineering has advanced, enabling laboratory cultivation of cartilage-like tissue for implantation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the challenges in engineering functional articular cartilage.
  • To highlight key areas for advancement in cartilage tissue engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on cartilage tissue engineering.
  • Identification of critical limitations in existing techniques.

Main Results:

  • Significant challenges persist in creating fully functional engineered cartilage.
  • Key limitations include nutrient supply, in vitro collagen production, and native tissue integration.
  • The potential for engineering complete articular surface replacements requires further exploration.

Conclusions:

  • Overcoming current limitations is crucial for successful cartilage tissue engineering.
  • Future research should focus on improving nutrient diffusion, collagen synthesis, and seamless integration.
  • Engineering full articular surface replacements remains a long-term goal.