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Related Experiment Video

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Practitioner review: do performance-based measures and ratings of executive function assess the same construct?

Maggie E Toplak¹, Richard F West, Keith E Stanovich

¹Department of Psychology, LaMarsh Centre for Child and Youth Research, York University, Toronto, ONT, Canada. mtoplak@yorku.ca

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines

|October 13, 2012

Summary

Performance-based and rating measures of executive function (EF) do not assess the same construct. These measures capture distinct cognitive aspects, impacting their clinical utility, particularly in ADHD assessments.

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Area of Science:

Neuropsychology
Cognitive Psychology
Clinical Psychology

Background:

Performance-based and rating measures are standard in executive function (EF) assessments.
These measures are presumed to assess a unified construct of executive function.
The relationship between these two measurement types requires investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between performance-based and rating measures of executive function.
To determine if these measures capture the same underlying cognitive construct.

Main Methods:

A meta-analysis of 20 studies was conducted.
Included 13 child and 7 adult samples from clinical, nonclinical, and combined settings.
Examined 286 correlations between performance-based and rating EF measures.

Main Results:

Only 24% of the reported correlations were statistically significant.
The median correlation between the two measure types was low (.19).
Findings indicate a weak association between performance-based and rating EF measures.

Conclusions:

Performance-based and rating measures of executive function assess distinct cognitive constructs.
These measures capture different levels of cognition: cognitive efficiency versus goal pursuit success.
Clinical implications, including use in ADHD assessment, are discussed.