Motor intentional disorders in vascular mild cognitive impairment and vascular dementia of subcortical type

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Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions
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Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions

Published on: April 23, 2021

Doo Sang Yoon1, Kihyo Jung, Geon Ha Kim

  • 1a Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Samsung Medical Center , Seoul , Republic of Korea.

Neurocase
|October 13, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment (svMCI) and amnestic MCI (aMCI) differ in brain injury location. Motor intentional task performance, particularly the maintenance task, helps distinguish svMCI from aMCI.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment (svMCI) is a precursor to subcortical vascular dementia (SVaD), often linked to frontal lobe damage.
  • Amnestic MCI (aMCI) is typically associated with temporoparietal injuries.
  • Understanding the distinct neurological underpinnings of different MCI subtypes is crucial for accurate diagnosis and intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the motor intentional task performance differences between svMCI and aMCI patients.
  • To identify specific motor tasks that can differentiate between these two MCI subtypes.
  • To compare the motor performance of svMCI and aMCI patients with normal controls and those with SVaD.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-seven svMCI patients, 20 aMCI patients, 14 SVaD patients, and 10 normal controls (NC) participated.
  • Participants performed four motor intentional tasks: force initiation, development, maintenance, and termination using a force dynamometer.
  • Performance metrics were analyzed to identify significant differences between groups.

Main Results:

  • The motor intentional maintenance task was effective in differentiating svMCI from aMCI.
  • svMCI patients' performance on most motor tasks was intermediate between normal controls and SVaD patients.
  • Specific performance patterns were observed for initiation, development, and termination tasks across groups (NC=aMCI=svMCI>SVaD; NC>aMCI=svMCI>SVaD; NC=aMCI>svMCI=SVaD respectively).

Conclusions:

  • Motor intentional task performance, especially the maintenance task, can serve as a key differentiator between svMCI and aMCI.
  • svMCI impacts motor control in a manner that reflects a stage between normal cognition and advanced vascular dementia.
  • These findings highlight the potential of motor assessments in the diagnostic process for cognitive impairment.

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