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Related Concept Videos

Cholecystitis01:20

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...
Appendicitis01:19

Appendicitis

Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...
Gallbladder01:17

Gallbladder

The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ that plays a crucial role in our digestive system. Measuring about 10 cm in length, it is comparable in size to a kiwi fruit and is located in a hollow area on the lower surface of the liver. The gallbladder's primary function is to store and concentrate bile, a fluid produced by the liver that aids in digestion.
The gallbladder's anatomy consists of three regions: the fundus, body, and neck. Extending from the neck, the cystic duct joins the common...
Portal Hypertension01:22

Portal Hypertension

Portal hypertension is an increase in blood pressure within the portal venous system. Normally, this pressure is less than 5 mmHg. It is considered clinically significant when it rises above 10 mmHg. At this threshold, complications from altered blood flow and venous congestion emerge.EtiologyPortal hypertension arises from conditions that impede blood flow through the liver. The most common cause is cirrhosis, in which chronic liver injury leads to fibrotic scarring. This fibrosis narrows or...
Bile01:19

Bile

Bile is a crucial bodily fluid, characterized by its yellow-green color and alkaline nature. Produced in the liver, it is transported through the common hepatic duct into either the cystic duct, leading to the gallbladder, or directly into the common bile duct. The flow of bile is regulated by the sphincter of Oddi located at the entrance of the duodenum. When this sphincter is closed, bile is redirected to the gallbladder for storage and concentration.
Bile is released when dietary fats enter...
Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction
07:44

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction

Published on: March 25, 2022

Ruptured hydatid cyst in biliary tract.

Muhammad Hafeez1, Tassawar Hussain, Amjad Salamat

  • 1Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital, Malir Cantonment, Karachi, Pakistan. dmhafeez@yahoo.com

Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP
|October 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary

A 26-year-old woman presented with symptoms suggestive of a liver hydatid cyst. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography confirmed the diagnosis and allowed for removal of membranes, leading to significant clinical improvement with albendazole treatment.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction
07:44

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction

Published on: March 25, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Parasitology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Liver hydatid cysts, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, are endemic in many regions.
  • Diagnosis can be challenging, often requiring advanced imaging and invasive procedures.
  • Symptomatic presentation typically involves abdominal pain, fever, and weight loss.

Observation:

  • A 26-year-old female presented with a 2-month history of fever, upper abdominal pain, and weight loss.
  • Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a complex cystic liver mass, suspected to be a hydatid cyst.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) confirmed the cystic liver lesion.

Findings:

  • Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) definitively diagnosed a liver hydatid cyst.
  • During ERC, hydatid membranes protruding from the papilla were successfully removed following sphincterotomy.
  • Post-procedure treatment with oral albendazole (400 mg twice daily) was initiated.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the utility of ERC in diagnosing and managing liver hydatid cysts, especially when parasitic material is accessible via the biliary system.
  • Endoscopic intervention can be a valuable adjunct to medical and surgical management.
  • Albendazole therapy is crucial for eradicating residual parasites and preventing recurrence.