Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Modeling Neonatal Intraventricular Hemorrhage Through Intraventricular Injection of Hemoglobin
07:57

Modeling Neonatal Intraventricular Hemorrhage Through Intraventricular Injection of Hemoglobin

Published on: August 25, 2022

Periventricular hemorrhage: a problem still today

Andrew Whitelaw1

  • 1University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom. andrew.whitelaw@bristol.ac.uk

Early Human Development
|October 13, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Periventricular hemorrhage (PVH) in premature infants is reduced by antenatal corticosteroids and improved care. Further research is needed to prevent long-term disability from PVH and its complications.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal neurology
  • Perinatal medicine
  • Pediatric critical care

Background:

  • Periventricular hemorrhage (PVH) affects very premature infants due to fragile blood vessels and unstable circulation.
  • Antenatal corticosteroids have significantly decreased PVH incidence.
  • Improved neonatal care, including cardio-respiratory stabilization and avoidance of hypoxia/trauma, also contributes to reduced PVH.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding and management of PVH in premature infants.
  • To identify factors contributing to PVH and its long-term consequences.
  • To highlight areas for future research to improve outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on PVH and its management.
  • Analysis of factors influencing PVH incidence and severity.
  • Discussion of current treatment strategies and their limitations.

Main Results:

  • Antenatal corticosteroids are effective in reducing PVH.
  • Increased survival of extremely premature infants leads to a higher number of severe PVH cases annually.
  • Delayed cord clamping may further reduce PVH.
  • Medications for PVH exist but lack widespread adoption due to unproven disability reduction.
  • Posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD) and parenchymal hemorrhagic infarction significantly increase disability.

Conclusions:

  • While PVH incidence has decreased, severe cases persist, particularly in extremely premature infants.
  • Current treatments for PHVD focus on pressure and distortion avoidance.
  • Further research is crucial to investigate novel therapeutic approaches, including seizure management, blood removal, and anti-inflammatory/antioxidant strategies, to improve long-term prognosis.

More Related Videos

Modeling Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus of Prematurity in Rats04:12

Modeling Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus of Prematurity in Rats

Published on: March 28, 2025

Related Concept Videos

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management01:22

Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management

Vigilant monitoring for aneurysm rupture is essential for patients undergoing aortic surgery.Preoperative Nursing ManagementContinuously monitor the patient for manifestations of aneurysm rupture, such as pallor, weakness, tachycardia, hypotension, abdominal, back, groin, or periumbilical pain, changes in consciousness, and a pulsating abdominal mass. Regularly assess the patient's peripheral pulses.Instruct the patient to consume a clear liquid diet the day before surgery and administer...
Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care01:26

Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care

Aneurysm management involves either conservative medical therapy or surgical intervention, depending on the size and symptoms of the aneurysm. Conservative management is generally reserved for smaller, asymptomatic aneurysms, while larger or symptomatic aneurysms often necessitate surgical repair.Conservative Medical TherapyFor small, asymptomatic aneurysms, particularly abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) less than 5.5 centimeters in diameter, conservative medical therapy is recommended. This...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...