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Biocompatible implant surface treatments.

Bikash Pattanaik1, Sudhir Pawar, Seema Pattanaik

  • 1Department of Prosthodontics, Rungta College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bhilai, Chattisgarh, India.

Indian Journal of Dental Research : Official Publication of Indian Society for Dental Research
|October 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Implant surface treatments significantly enhance biocompatibility, with a shift towards surface chemistry and coatings. Bone response is generally favorable, indicating a future focus on developing osteogenic implant surfaces.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Dental Implantology

Background:

  • Surface properties critically influence biological interactions and the performance of metallic biomaterials.
  • Surface treatments aim to enhance wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility of implants.
  • Understanding implant surface characteristics is vital for successful osseointegration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the effects of various implant surface treatments on biocompatibility.
  • To identify trends in research regarding metallic biomaterial surface modifications.
  • To assess the bone response to different surface treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of studies published between 1990 and 2009 using PubMed and electronic databases.

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  • Keywords included implant surface topography, roughness, treatment, characteristics, and coatings.
  • Prioritized clinical, human histological, animal histological, and in vitro studies.

    • Main Results:

    • Research focus has evolved from surface roughness to surface chemistry and porous structure manipulation, with increased attention to surface coatings.
    • Bone response to nearly all investigated surface treatments was favorable.
    • A trend towards developing osteogenic implant surfaces for enhanced bone integration was observed.

    Conclusions:

    • Implant surface treatments, particularly those involving surface chemistry and coatings, generally yield favorable bone responses.
    • Future research directions point towards the development of actively osteogenic implant surfaces.
    • The heterogeneity of selected studies limits definitive conclusions on the single best biocompatible surface treatment.