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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such as Proteus,...
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...

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Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis
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Published on: July 18, 2017

[Pyelonephritis].

Cristiana Rollino1, Giulietta Beltrame, Michela Ferro

  • 1Nefrologia e Dialisi, Ospedale S.G. Bosco, Torino - Italy.

Giornale Italiano Di Nefrologia : Organo Ufficiale Della Societa Italiana Di Nefrologia
|October 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Acute pyelonephritis (APN), often caused by E. coli, is a common kidney infection. While typically treatable with antibiotics, imaging like CT or MRI is crucial for detecting serious complications such as abscesses.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Urology

Context:

  • Acute pyelonephritis (APN) is a common bacterial kidney infection, primarily affecting women.
  • Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the predominant causative agent.
  • Risk factors include sexual activity, genetic predisposition, advanced age, and urinary tract instrumentation.

Purpose:

  • To review the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and long-term outcomes of acute pyelonephritis in adults.
  • To highlight the diagnostic utility of advanced imaging techniques.
  • To discuss the management of complications like renal abscesses.

Summary:

  • Diagnosis is often clinical, but Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) enhance accuracy and detect abscesses.
  • Treatment involves fluoroquinolones or extended-spectrum cephalosporins for 10-14 days.
  • Renal abscesses are underestimated complications requiring CT/MRI evaluation; drainage is reserved for large abscesses, with medical management successful in most cases.

Impact:

  • Early and accurate diagnosis, including the use of CT/MRI, can prevent severe complications.
  • Appropriate antibiotic selection and duration ensure favorable long-term outcomes for most adult patients.
  • Understanding the prevalence and management of renal abscesses improves patient care and reduces morbidity.