Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 17, 2026
10:28
A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
Published on: June 26, 2020
[Hepatitis virus-related nephropathies]
Dario Roccatello1, Laura Solfietti, Ilaria Salussolia
1Centro di Ricerche di Immunopatologia e Documentazione su Malattie Rare (CMID), Dipartimento di Malattie Rare, Immunologiche, Ematologiche e Immunoematologiche, Ospedale G. Bosco e Universita' di Torino, Torino - Italy.
Summary
Hepatitis B and C infections can cause kidney disease, including glomerulonephritis. Antiviral therapy is key for HBV-related kidney issues, while HCV-related nephritis may need immunomodulatory agents.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Hepatology
- Immunology
Context:
- Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are associated with various extrahepatic manifestations, particularly kidney diseases.
- Glomerulonephritis is a significant renal complication linked to HBV and HCV.
- Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection lacks specific histomorphological patterns in renal involvement.
Purpose:
- To review the spectrum of glomerulonephritis associated with HBV and HCV infections.
- To discuss the treatment strategies for HBV- and HCV-related glomerulopathies.
Summary:
- HBV infection can lead to reactive arthritis, vasculitis (e.g., panarteritis nodosa), and primary glomerulonephritis (including membranous nephropathy, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy, focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis, minimal change disease, and extracapillary glomerulonephritis).
- Cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis is specifically linked to HCV infection.
- Treatment for HBV-related glomerulopathies primarily involves antiviral therapy, as corticosteroids are generally ineffective and immunosuppressants may worsen HBV infection.
- HCV-related nephritis, particularly cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis, may be managed with immunomodulatory agents, potentially combined with antiviral therapy.
Impact:
- Clarifies the distinct renal manifestations of HBV and HCV infections.
- Highlights the importance of antiviral therapy in managing HBV-associated kidney disease.
- Provides insights into therapeutic options for HCV-related nephritis, emphasizing the role of immunomodulatory agents.
Related Concept Videos
01:25Hepatitis
Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
01:28Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction
Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
01:29Hepatic Encephalopathy
DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
01:23Cirrhosis I: Introduction
Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
01:24Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology
Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...
01:24Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction
Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...