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A neural circuit for spatial summation in visual cortex.

Hillel Adesnik1, William Bruns, Hiroki Taniguchi

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Neurobiology Section and Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0634, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cortical circuits contribute to visual surround suppression. Inhibitory somatostatin-expressing neurons (SOMs) increase activity with surround stimulation, driving suppression in pyramidal cells.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Cortex Research
  • Neuronal Circuits

Background:

  • Sensory stimulus response is context-dependent in the cortex.
  • Surround suppression, where receptive-field surround stimulation attenuates central stimulus response, is a key visual processing phenomenon.
  • The contribution of cortical circuits versus earlier visual processing stages to surround suppression remains debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of cortical circuits in visual surround suppression.
  • To determine the response properties of specific inhibitory neuron types in the visual cortex during surround stimulation.
  • To elucidate the functional contribution of somatostatin-expressing neurons to surround suppression.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo electrophysiology in mouse visual cortex.
  • Perturbation of somatostatin-expressing neuron activity.
  • Analysis of neuronal responses to visual stimuli with varying receptive-field surrounds.

Main Results:

  • Somatostatin-expressing inhibitory neurons (SOMs) in superficial layers exhibit increased activity with receptive-field surround stimulation, unlike pyramidal cells.
  • This SOM response is driven by preferential excitation from horizontal cortical axons.
  • Perturbing SOM activity significantly impacts pyramidal cell surround suppression, confirming their role.

Conclusions:

  • Cortical circuits, specifically involving SOMs, play a crucial role in mediating visual surround suppression.
  • Somatostatin-expressing inhibitory neurons are identified as key contributors to this cortical computation.
  • This study establishes a specific cortical circuit mechanism for surround suppression and assigns a function to a genetically defined inhibitory neuron type.