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Related Concept Videos

Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology01:08

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...
Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...

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Robotic-assisted Left Pneumonectomy For Vanishing Lung Syndrome
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Pneumomediastinum after retching.

Behçet Al1, Cuma Yildirim, Suat Zengin

  • 1Emergency Department of Medicine, Gaziantep University Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey. behcetal@gmail.com

BMJ Case Reports
|October 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary

A young woman developed spontaneous pneumomediastinum after retching, a rare condition often missed in healthy individuals. Prompt medical attention led to a full recovery within seven days.

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Area of Science:

  • Internal Medicine
  • Pulmonology
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a rare condition.
  • It often presents with non-specific symptoms and can be underdiagnosed, particularly in young, healthy patients.

Observation:

  • A 25-year-old woman with hirsutism presented with dyspnea, dysphagia, chest pain, and neck swelling.
  • Physical examination revealed subcutaneous emphysema in the neck and chest.
  • Imaging confirmed pneumomediastinum.

Findings:

  • The patient reported retching after taking spironolactone for hirsutism, which preceded symptom onset.
  • The pneumomediastinum was attributed to excessive intrathoracic pressure from retching.
  • No underlying lung disease was identified.

Implications:

  • This case highlights retching as a potential trigger for spontaneous pneumomediastinum.
  • It underscores the importance of considering this diagnosis in young patients with unexplained chest symptoms.
  • Conservative management led to a favorable outcome, suggesting a generally good prognosis for this condition.