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Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat

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Published on: September 12, 2014

The danger theory: 20 years later.

Thomas Pradeu¹, Edwin L Cooper

¹Department of Philosophy, Paris-Sorbonne University and Institut Universitaire de France Paris, France.

Frontiers in Immunology

|October 13, 2012

Summary

The danger theory challenges the established self-non-self model in immunology. This review examines experimental data to clarify the definition and validity of the danger theory in immunity and tolerance.

Keywords:

cancer danger danger signals immunity inflammation innate immunity tolerance transplantation

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Innate Immunity
Transplantation Immunology

Background:

The self-non-self theory has been the dominant paradigm in immunology since the 1950s.
The danger theory, proposed in the 1990s, offers a competing explanation for immune responses.
The danger theory has faced both significant support and criticism within the scientific community.

Purpose of the Study:

To critically evaluate the danger theory in light of recent experimental findings.
To assess the clarity and definition of the "danger" concept in immunology.
To explore the relevance of the danger theory to innate immunity, transplantation, cancer, and tolerance.

Main Methods:

Review and analysis of recent experimental data.
Comparative assessment of the danger theory against the self-non-self model.
Literature synthesis on innate immunity, transplantation, cancer, and tolerance.

Main Results:

The review synthesizes current experimental evidence pertaining to the danger theory.
The study highlights areas where the danger theory provides explanatory power.
Ambiguities and challenges in defining "danger" are identified.

Conclusions:

The danger theory remains a subject of ongoing debate and investigation.
Further research is needed to definitively establish the scope and definition of danger signals in immunity.
The theory's implications for understanding immune responses and tolerance require continued exploration.