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Protein Complex Assembly

Protein Complex Assembly

Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types. Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...

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Updated: May 17, 2026

Structure of HIV-1 Capsid Assemblies by Cryo-electron Microscopy and Iterative Helical Real-space Reconstruction

Structure of HIV-1 Capsid Assemblies by Cryo-electron Microscopy and Iterative Helical Real-space Reconstruction

Published on: August 9, 2011

Surveying capsid assembly pathways through simulation-based data fitting.

Lu Xie¹, Gregory R Smith, Xian Feng

¹Joint Carnegie Mellon/University of Pittsburgh PhD Program in Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Biophysical Journal

|October 16, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study uses improved simulation data-fitting to reveal distinct in vitro assembly pathways for human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) capsids, showcasing viral assembly diversity.

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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Structure of HIV-1 Capsid Assemblies by Cryo-electron Microscopy and Iterative Helical Real-space Reconstruction

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Area of Science:

Biophysics
Computational Biology
Virology

Background:

Virus capsid assembly is a complex self-assembly process studied using biophysical modeling.
Current simulation methods lack specific viral pathway data due to challenges in measuring interaction rates and limited experimental evidence.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and apply improved simulation-based data-fitting methods to determine specific viral capsid assembly kinetics and pathways.
To assess the diversity of assembly strategies across different viruses using these methods.

Main Methods:

Enhanced simulation-based data-fitting to parameterize models using experimental light-scattering data.
Application of the fitting approach to three distinct viral capsid systems: HPV, HBV, and CCMV.

Main Results:

Identified three distinct in vitro assembly mechanisms for the studied viruses.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) assembly fits a non-nucleation-limited pathway.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) assembly fit nucleation-limited pathways involving trimer-of-dimer intermediates.

Conclusions:

The data-fitting approach can successfully differentiate between various viral capsid assembly pathway types.
Demonstrates significant versatility in assembly strategies employed by different viruses.