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Related Concept Videos

Hormonal Regulation01:40

Hormonal Regulation

Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
Target Cell Response to Hormones01:22

Target Cell Response to Hormones

Hormones intricately bind to receptors on the surface or within target cells, initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
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Intracellular Hormone Receptors01:08

Intracellular Hormone Receptors

Lipid-soluble hormones diffuse across the plasma and nuclear membrane of target cells to bind to their specific intracellular receptors. These receptors act as transcription factors that regulate gene expression and protein synthesis in the target cell
Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and lactation.

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Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies
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[Hormone replacement therapy: practical aspects].

C Sonigo1, G Dray, N Chabbert-Buffet

  • 1INSERM 693, université Paris-Sud, 63 rue Gabriel-Péri, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre cedex, France.

Journal De Gynecologie, Obstetrique Et Biologie De La Reproduction
|October 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) use varies globally. Recent trials evaluating HRT risk-benefit ratios, particularly those aligning with French practices, are crucial for informed clinical decisions and future research.

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Area of Science:

  • Menopause and hormone therapy research.
  • Reproductive endocrinology.
  • Women's health.

Background:

  • Menopause results from follicular depletion, causing estrogen decrease and climacteric symptoms.
  • Hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) was developed to manage these symptoms and improve quality of life.
  • Significant international differences exist in HRT formulations and usage, particularly between the US and France.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare HRT practices in the US and France.
  • To evaluate the risk-benefit ratio of HRT based on updated clinical trial data.
  • To inform current clinical practices and identify needs for future research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical HRT development and common formulations in the US (conjugated equine estrogen, medroxyprogesterone acetate).
  • Comparison with French HRT customs, including transdermal estrogen and various progestagens (progesterone, dydrogesterone).
  • Analysis of findings from major randomized trials, such as the Women's Health Initiative, and subsequent research.

Main Results:

  • Early HRT use, especially in the US, was associated with an unfavorable long-term risk-benefit ratio, leading to prescription changes.
  • Recent trials, more aligned with French practices, have enabled a revised evaluation of HRT's risk-benefit profile.
  • Clinical practice has evolved based on these updated risk-benefit assessments.

Conclusions:

  • Current clinical practices for HRT are informed by recent trial data.
  • Further research is necessary to refine HRT use and optimize patient outcomes.
  • Understanding international variations in HRT is key to global health strategies.