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Related Concept Videos

Menopause01:28

Menopause

Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...

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[Menopause and oncologic risks].

I Letendre1, P Lopes

  • 1Service de radiologie, hôpital Beaujon, 100 boulevard du Général-Leclerc, Clichy cedex, France.

Journal De Gynecologie, Obstetrique Et Biologie De La Reproduction
|October 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use and cancer risk are re-evaluated, with breast cancer risk varying by HRT type and timing. Current data suggests HRT

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In Vivo and Ex Vivo Approaches to Study Ovarian Cancer Metastatic Colonization of Milky Spot Structures in Peritoneal Adipose

Published on: October 14, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study in 2002 raised concerns about hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and cancer risk, particularly breast cancer.
  • This led to updated recommendations in France (2004) and ongoing reviews of literature from major societies (EMAS, North American Society, CNGOF).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the current understanding of cancer risks associated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) based on recent literature.
  • To provide updated information for patient counseling regarding HRT risks and benefits.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature data from the European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS), North American Society, and the French National College of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (CNGOF).
  • Analysis of relative risk (RR) data for various cancers, considering different HRT modalities and timing relative to menopause.

Main Results:

  • Breast cancer risk (RR 1.26-1.66) varies with HRT type and menopausal timing; its impact has decreased since 2004, with HRT's role less clear.
  • Ovarian cancer risk associated with HRT is controversial and data is discordant, particularly for estrogen-only therapy.
  • Progestogen dose and duration appear key for endometrial cancer protection.
  • No evidence links HRT to reduced colon cancer incidence or increased lung cancer mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Updated data on HRT and cancer risk, including breast, ovarian, endometrial, colon, and lung cancers, is crucial.
  • Informed patient decision-making requires a thorough evaluation of individual risks and benefits before initiating HRT.