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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome
07:23

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome

Published on: June 15, 2016

Human RNA methyltransferase BCDIN3D regulates microRNA processing.

Blerta Xhemalce1, Samuel C Robson, Tony Kouzarides

  • 1Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, The Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and Developmental Biology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK.

Cell
|October 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary

A novel RNA methyltransferase, BCDIN3D, was found to O-methylate microRNA (miRNA) precursors, inhibiting their maturation. This discovery reveals a new miRNA methylation pathway that impacts cancer cell growth.

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Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation
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Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation

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Antibody-Free Assay for RNA Methyltransferase Activity Analysis
08:31

Antibody-Free Assay for RNA Methyltransferase Activity Analysis

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Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome
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Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome

Published on: June 15, 2016

Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation
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Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation

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Antibody-Free Assay for RNA Methyltransferase Activity Analysis
08:31

Antibody-Free Assay for RNA Methyltransferase Activity Analysis

Published on: July 9, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of biological processes, and their dysregulation is linked to cancer.
  • miRNA biogenesis involves sequential processing by Drosha and Dicer, generating 5' monophosphate ends essential for function.
  • Dicer's recognition of the 5' monophosphate of pre-miRNAs is critical for accurate miRNA production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel regulators of miRNA biogenesis.
  • To investigate the role of RNA methyltransferases in miRNA processing.
  • To explore the potential involvement of miRNA regulation in cancer.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro and in vivo biochemical assays to study BCDIN3D activity.
  • Analysis of pre-miRNA and mature miRNA levels following BCDIN3D manipulation.
  • Assessment of breast cancer cell phenotypes upon BCDIN3D depletion.

Main Results:

  • BCDIN3D, a RNA-methyltransferase, was identified as an O-methylator of the 5' monophosphate of pre-miRNAs.
  • BCDIN3D was shown to phospho-dimethylate pre-miR-145, reducing its processing by Dicer.
  • Depletion of BCDIN3D in breast cancer cells increased mature miR-145 levels and suppressed tumorigenic phenotypes.

Conclusions:

  • BCDIN3D negatively regulates miRNA maturation through O-methylation of pre-miRNAs.
  • This novel miRNA methylation pathway antagonizes Dicer-dependent processing, impacting miR-145 and potentially other miRNAs.
  • The findings suggest a new mechanism of miRNA regulation relevant to cancer biology.