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Viability of Bioprinted Cellular Constructs Using a Three Dispenser Cartesian Printer
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Complex heterogeneous tissue constructs containing multiple cell types prepared by inkjet printing technology.

Tao Xu1, Weixin Zhao, Jian-Ming Zhu

  • 1Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.

Biomaterials
|October 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel inkjet printing method to create complex 3D tissue constructs using multiple cell types. This bioprinting technique successfully fabricated functional, vascularized tissues in vitro and in vivo.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Fabricating complex, heterogeneous three-dimensional (3D) tissue constructs remains a significant challenge in regenerative medicine.
  • Existing methods often struggle to precisely position multiple cell types within a single construct.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a versatile inkjet bioprinting method for simultaneous deposition of multiple cell types.
  • To create complex, heterogeneous 3D tissue constructs with high cell viability and functional integration.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a modified thermal inkjet printer for layer-by-layer deposition of human amniotic fluid-derived stem cells (hAFSCs), canine smooth muscle cells (dSMCs), and bovine aortic endothelial cells (bECs).
  • Cells were mixed with calcium chloride (CaCl(2)) and printed into a sodium alginate-collagen composite hydrogel, enabling rapid gelation and cell anchoring.
  • Fabricated multi-cell hybrid constructs through repeated printing cycles.

Main Results:

  • The bioprinting process maintained high cell viability, proliferation rates, and phenotypic expression for all encapsulated cell types.
  • In vitro and in vivo evaluations confirmed the biological functions of the printed cells within the heterogeneous constructs.
  • The 3D bioprinted constructs survived, matured into functional tissues, and exhibited adequate vascularization in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • Inkjet bioprinting is a feasible technology for fabricating complex, heterogeneous tissue constructs containing multiple cell types.
  • This method offers a promising approach for advancing tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
  • The developed technique supports the creation of functional, vascularized tissues for potential therapeutic use.