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Related Concept Videos

Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
Limits to Natural Selection01:38

Limits to Natural Selection

Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
What is Natural Selection?01:32

What is Natural Selection?

Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
Genetics of Speciation02:16

Genetics of Speciation

Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.
Natural Selection and Mating Preferences01:06

Natural Selection and Mating Preferences

The principle of natural selection posits that organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. This principle is closely intertwined with mating preferences, a key aspect of sexual selection, which evolutionary psychologists believe is driven by instincts to propagate one's genes. Such instincts significantly influence mating behaviors and preferences between genders.
Females, due to their biological roles in conception, pregnancy, and nursing, inherently...

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Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

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The ancestral selection graph under strong directional selection.

Cornelia Pokalyuk1, Peter Pfaffelhuber

  • 1Abteilung Mathematische Stochastik, Universität Freiburg, Eckerstr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.

Theoretical Population Biology
|October 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study proves that a beneficial allele in a population of constant size fixes in approximately (2logα)/α time, particularly when the scaled selection coefficient (α) is large. This finding is crucial for understanding evolutionary dynamics and genetic drift.

Keywords:
CoalescentMoran modelRandom treeReversibility

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Area of Science:

  • Population Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Mathematical Biology

Background:

  • The ancestral selection graph (ASG) models populations under selection, incorporating both coalescence and splitting events.
  • Understanding the fixation time of beneficial alleles is fundamental in evolutionary genetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fixation time of a beneficial mutant in a constant-sized population without mutation using the ASG.
  • To provide a new proof for the approximate fixation time of beneficial alleles.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the ancestral selection graph (ASG) framework.
  • Leveraging a reversibility property of the ASG.
  • Analyzing scenarios with a scaled selection coefficient (α).

Main Results:

  • A beneficial allele fixes in roughly (2logα)/α time for large scaled selection coefficients (α).
  • The study provides a novel mathematical proof for this fixation time.

Conclusions:

  • The ASG is a powerful tool for studying allele dynamics under selection.
  • The derived fixation time offers insights into the speed of adaptation in populations.