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Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...

Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications

Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications

Asthma, a common chronic respiratory condition, is classified considering the frequency and severity of symptoms alongside lung function impairment. Understanding this classification is essential for appropriate treatment and management. Here's a detailed look at the classification of asthma and its clinical features and complications:
Classification of Asthma

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Published on: August 7, 2017

Rhinovirus-associated wheeze during infancy and asthma development.

Tuomas Jartti¹, James E Gern

¹Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews

|October 16, 2012

Summary

Human rhinovirus (HRV) causes bronchiolitis in infants, with immune factors like interferon responses and atopy increasing susceptibility. Early HRV infection and wheezing may predict asthma development in children.

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Published on: January 21, 2018

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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Published on: August 7, 2017

Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples

Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples

Published on: January 21, 2018

Area of Science:

Pediatric respiratory infections
Immunology of viral diseases
Asthma pathogenesis

Background:

Human rhinovirus (HRV) is a significant cause of infant bronchiolitis, second only to RSV.
Diagnosis of HRV infections primarily relies on PCR detection, identifying symptomatic and asymptomatic cases.
Interferon responses and atopy are implicated as key immunologic factors in HRV-bronchiolitis susceptibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the link between HRV infection, immune responses, and the development of asthma.
To investigate HRV-bronchiolitis as a potential early indicator of asthma risk in infants.

Main Methods:

Review of existing prospective studies and immunologic data.
Analysis of associations between HRV infection, wheezing, and subsequent asthma development.
Examination of immune response biases and their role in viral defense and airway inflammation.

Main Results:

Susceptibility to HRV-bronchiolitis may stem from biased immune responses, impairing viral defense and promoting atopic inflammation.
Early wheezing episodes linked to HRV infection are strong predictors of recurrent wheezing and childhood asthma.
HRV infection in wheezing infants shows potential as a marker for identifying children at high risk for asthma.

Conclusions:

HRV infections in infants are associated with immune dysregulation, contributing to both susceptibility to bronchiolitis and later asthma development.
HRV-bronchiolitis serves as a potential early clinical marker for identifying children predisposed to asthma.
Future asthma risk indices should consider incorporating HRV illnesses for improved early identification of at-risk children.