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Updated: May 17, 2026

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments
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Published on: August 8, 2019

Altitude decompression sickness incidence among U-2 pilots: 1994-2010.

Gregory L Hundemer1, Sean L Jersey, Rory P Stuart

  • 19th Medical Group, Beale Air Force Base, CA, USA. gregory.hundemer@beale.af.mil

Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
|October 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Decompression sickness (DCS) cases in U-2 pilots increased significantly from 2006-2010, with more severe symptoms. This rise correlated with increased flight hours due to wartime operations, highlighting the need for revised safety protocols.

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Published on: September 24, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Aviation Medicine
  • Aerospace Physiology
  • Occupational Health

Background:

  • U-2 aircraft pilots face high-altitude cabin pressures, risking decompression sickness (DCS).
  • Limited historical data exists on DCS incidence within the U-2 pilot community.
  • This study investigates temporal changes in DCS rates and types among U-2 pilots.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the incidence and characteristics of DCS in U-2 pilots from 1994-2010.
  • To identify trends in DCS occurrence and severity over time.
  • To correlate DCS rates with operational tempo and flight parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Compiled a database of all U-2 pilot DCS cases (1994-2010).
  • Analyzed cases by occurrence date and experienced symptoms.
  • Calculated DCS incidence rates using flight data.

Main Results:

  • 73 DCS cases documented between 1994-2010.
  • Annual DCS cases increased from 0-5 (1994-2005) to 6-10 (2006-2010).
  • More severe (neurologic, pulmonary) cases rose, with DCS risk per flight increasing from 0.076% to 0.23%.

Conclusions:

  • DCS remains a significant risk for U-2 pilots.
  • Increased operational tempo correlated with higher DCS incidence and severity.
  • Recommendations include modifying cockpit pressurization and limiting exposure duration/frequency.