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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
Ureters01:22

Ureters

The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

A Murine Model of Irreversible and Reversible Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction
14:05

A Murine Model of Irreversible and Reversible Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction

Published on: December 20, 2014

Ureteral stents for impassable ureteroscopy.

Sapan N Ambani1, Gary J Faerber, William W Roberts

  • 1Department of Urology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. sapan@med.umich.edu

Journal of Endourology
|October 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Ureteral stenting effectively dilates narrow ureters for easier ureteroscopy. This safe procedure allows successful ureteroscopy in 98% of patients, preventing future ureteral strictures when performed cautiously.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

A Murine Model of Irreversible and Reversible Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction
14:05

A Murine Model of Irreversible and Reversible Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction

Published on: December 20, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Endourology
  • Minimally Invasive Surgery

Background:

  • Narrow ureters often impede ureteroscopy, necessitating ureteral stent placement for dilation.
  • Limited data exists on the efficacy and safety of ureteral stenting for facilitating ureteroscopy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the success and safety of ureteral stenting in patients experiencing difficult ureteroscopy due to ureteral narrowing.
  • To determine the optimal approach for repeat ureteroscopy after initial failure.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of patients who underwent ureteral stenting after initial flexible ureteroscopy failure.
  • Assessment of ureteroscope passage post-stenting and outcomes of subsequent ureteroscopy attempts.

Main Results:

  • Ureteroscope passage was successful post-stenting in 71% of patients.
  • Overall, ureteral stenting enabled successful ureteroscopy in 98% of cases.
  • Ureteral strictures occurred in 5% of patients, primarily in those with persistent resistance during repeat procedures.

Conclusions:

  • Ureteral stenting is a safe and effective method for managing narrow ureters, facilitating subsequent ureteroscopy.
  • Successful ureteroscopy is maximized when repeat attempts are made only after the ureteroscope passes easily post-stenting.
  • Avoiding forceful attempts in resistant cases minimizes the risk of ureteral strictures.