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Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview

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Optimized Interferon-gamma ELISpot Assay to Measure T Cell Responses in the Guinea Pig Model after Vaccination
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ETEC vaccination in pigs.

Vesna Melkebeek1, Bruno M Goddeeris, Eric Cox

  • 1Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. Vesna.Melkebeek@ugent.be

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology
|October 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal vaccination protects piglets from neonatal diarrhea, but protection wanes by weaning. This review explores immunization strategies, including oral and parenteral vaccines, to combat post-weaning diarrhea caused by ETEC in pigs.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Immunology
  • Swine Health
  • Bacteriology

Background:

  • Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) cause significant neonatal and post-weaning diarrhea in pigs.
  • Maternal vaccination provides passive immunity against neonatal ETEC infections, but this protection is lost by weaning.
  • Post-weaning diarrhea is often caused by F4- or F18-expressing ETEC strains that adhere to the small intestine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review immunization strategies for preventing post-weaning diarrhea in pigs caused by F4- and/or F18-positive ETEC.
  • To highlight the importance of active mucosal immunity, specifically F4/F18-specific sIgA, for post-weaning protection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on immunization strategies against ETEC in pigs.
  • Analysis of different vaccine types: oral live vaccines, subunit vaccines, and parenteral immunization.
  • Evaluation of encapsulation strategies for enhanced vaccine delivery.

Main Results:

  • Maternal vaccination is effective for neonatal ETEC, but alternative strategies are needed for post-weaning protection.
  • Active mucosal immunity is crucial for preventing ETEC colonization and subsequent diarrhea.
  • Various immunization approaches, including oral and parenteral routes, are being investigated.

Conclusions:

  • Effective immunization against post-weaning ETEC diarrhea requires strategies that induce robust local mucosal immunity.
  • Oral and subunit vaccines, alongside novel delivery systems like encapsulation, show promise for protecting pigs against F4/F18 ETEC.
  • Further research into optimal immunization protocols is necessary to control ETEC-induced diarrhea in weaned pigs.