Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 17, 2026
05:16
Cutoff Value of Phase Angle by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis at Admission as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Acute Heart Failure
Published on: June 10, 2025
Trends in heart failure hospitalizations
1Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care, Montefiore-Einstein Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA. nfida@montefiore.org
Current Heart Failure Reports
|October 17, 2012
Summary
Hospitalizations for heart failure (HF) are rising, especially in older adults, costing billions. Early recognition by emergency departments and HF clinics is key to preventing readmissions and reducing costs.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
- Healthcare Management
Background:
- Heart failure (HF) hospitalizations have tripled between 1979 and 2004.
- Individuals over 65 constitute 80% of prevalent heart failure cases.
- HF is a leading cause of costly hospitalizations and frequent 30-day readmissions, costing $15 billion annually.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze trends in heart failure hospitalizations.
- To characterize the population experiencing heart failure hospitalizations.
- To identify strategies for reducing preventable hospitalizations and readmissions.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey.
- Examined hospitalization rates and mortality associated with heart failure.
- Reviewed the role of emergency departments and heart failure clinics.
Main Results:
- Heart failure hospitalizations have significantly increased.
- The elderly population (over 65) represents the majority of heart failure cases.
- Heart failure is the most expensive Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG) diagnosis and a frequent cause of 30-day readmissions.
Conclusions:
- Registries and trials are crucial for understanding heart failure hospitalization patterns.
- Emergency departments and HF clinics play a vital role in preventing readmissions.
- Effective management strategies are needed for cost containment in heart failure care.
Related Concept Videos
01:30Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation
Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
01:27Heart Failure I: Introduction
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
01:17Pathophysiology of Heart Failure
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
01:30Heart Failure V: Medical Management
Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
01:26Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations
Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
01:29Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...