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Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
Huntington Disease l: Introduction01:21

Huntington Disease l: Introduction

Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show reduced penetrance,...
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
07:50

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts

Published on: September 20, 2018

Castleman disease.

Ibrahiem Saeed-Abdul-Rahman1, Ali M Al-Amri

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahd University Hospital, Dammam University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia.

The Korean Journal of Hematology
|October 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Castleman disease, a rare lymphoproliferative disorder, presents as a mediastinal mass with two main variants: hyaline-vascular and plasma-cell. This review covers its classification, pathogenesis, and updated treatments, emphasizing viral stimulation and HIV association.

Keywords:
Castleman diseaseHuman immunodeficiency virusHyaline vascular variantMulticentric Castleman diseasePlasma cell variantUnicentric

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Fingerprinting Cardiolipin in Leukocytes by Mass Spectrometry for a Rapid Diagnosis of Barth Syndrome
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Fingerprinting Cardiolipin in Leukocytes by Mass Spectrometry for a Rapid Diagnosis of Barth Syndrome

Published on: March 23, 2022

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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
07:50

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts

Published on: September 20, 2018

Fingerprinting Cardiolipin in Leukocytes by Mass Spectrometry for a Rapid Diagnosis of Barth Syndrome
06:48

Fingerprinting Cardiolipin in Leukocytes by Mass Spectrometry for a Rapid Diagnosis of Barth Syndrome

Published on: March 23, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Castleman disease, also known as giant lymph node hyperplasia, is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder.
  • It can present as a mediastinal mass or involve extrathoracic sites.
  • The exact pathogenesis is unknown but linked to immune dysregulation causing B-lymphocyte and plasma-cell proliferation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the classification, pathogenesis, pathology, radiological features, and current treatment of Castleman disease.
  • To emphasize the role of viral stimulation and HIV-associated Castleman disease.
  • To discuss recent therapeutic modalities for this rare condition.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of Castleman disease classification, pathogenesis, pathology, and treatment.
  • Emphasis on radiological features and viral stimulation.
  • Focus on HIV-associated Castleman disease and recent therapeutic advancements.

Main Results:

  • Two major pathological variants exist: hyaline-vascular (common, often asymptomatic) and plasma-cell (less common, systemic symptoms).
  • Plasma-cell variant can cause fever, anemia, weight loss, night sweats, and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia.
  • Extrathoracic involvement is described in various locations.

Conclusions:

  • Castleman disease encompasses diverse presentations and pathological subtypes.
  • Understanding pathogenesis, particularly immune dysregulation and viral roles, is crucial for management.
  • Current treatment strategies are evolving, with special attention to HIV-associated cases.