[The current conception about the pathogenic mechanisms of the diabetic optical neuropathy development]

Diabetic Optical Neuropathy (DON) is the optical nerve damage induced by the Diabetes Mellitus. Optical nerve sufferings in Diabetes Mellitus were studied much less compare to the retinal changes. But according to the literature data, the DON has been detected in 7 to 24.3% of Diabetes Mellitus patients. That's why the investigators great interest refers to the optical nerve pathological changes pathways in Diabetes Mellitus studying. This article was focused to the up-to-date scientific views of the DON pathogenesis summarizing. Two basic ways of the DON pathogenesis were demonstrated: metabolic and vascular. The metabolic pathway was connected with the neural tissue damage induced by the diabetic changed metabolism. The vascular pathway was connected with the ischemia and endoneural blood flow malfunction.