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Related Concept Videos

Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles, which...
Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants01:27

Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

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Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
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Epigenetic variations in heredity and evolution.

E Jablonka1

  • 1Cohn Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Ideas, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. jablonka@post.tau.ac.il

Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
|October 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic inheritance, the passing of traits without DNA changes, is widespread. Developmental conditions can influence how these epigenetic variations arise and are transmitted, impacting evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Epigenetics is crucial in biology and medicine.
  • Epigenetic inheritance's significance is underestimated.
  • Epigenetic variations may be influenced by developmental conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of epigenetic inheritance.
  • To discuss factors affecting epigenetic variation generation and transmission.
  • To explore the role of epigenetic inheritance in evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Review of population studies.
  • Analysis of formal models.
  • Synthesis of research on genomic and ecological stresses.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic inheritance is ubiquitous.
  • Developmental conditions can affect epigenetic variation.
  • Epigenetic inheritance plays a role in micro- and macroevolutionary change.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic inheritance is a significant evolutionary force.
  • Understanding epigenetic inheritance is vital for biology and medicine.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate epigenetic inheritance mechanisms.