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Related Concept Videos

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document any history...
Hypoglycemia01:26

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...
Nephrotic Syndrome III : Nursing Management01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome III : Nursing Management

Nursing management for nephrotic syndrome adapts as the disease progresses, with strategies evolving to address advancing symptoms and complications.Early-Stage Management In the early stages, nursing interventions for nephrotic syndrome resemble those used in managing acute glomerulonephritis, focusing on symptom monitoring, fluid balance, and managing mild to moderate edema.Vital Signs: Regularly monitor blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and temperature to promptly identify...
Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Patient-Related Factors01:29

Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Patient-Related Factors

Protein-drug binding, a pivotal aspect of pharmacokinetics, is subject to considerable variability influenced by an array of patient-related factors. The intricate interplay of age, individual differences, and pathological conditions significantly impact the binding dynamics and subsequent pharmacological effects.
Age stands as a key determinant in protein-drug binding. Neonates, characterized by low albumin content, experience heightened concentrations of unbound drugs such as phenytoin and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Isolation of Primary Mouse Hepatocytes for Nascent Protein Synthesis Analysis by Non-radioactive L-azidohomoalanine Labeling Method
08:04

Isolation of Primary Mouse Hepatocytes for Nascent Protein Synthesis Analysis by Non-radioactive L-azidohomoalanine Labeling Method

Published on: October 23, 2018

Hypoalbuminemia.

Angelo Gatta1, Alberto Verardo, Massimo Bolognesi

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy. angelo.gatta@unipd.it

Internal and Emergency Medicine
|October 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Hypoalbuminemia, low albumin levels, impacts hospitalized patients and predicts mortality. Albumin supplementation is now reserved for specific conditions like cirrhosis with complications and sepsis, not as a first-line treatment for all cases.

Area of Science:

  • Clinical Medicine
  • Biochemistry
  • Critical Care

Background:

  • Hypoalbuminemia is common in hospitalized patients, linked to diseases like cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, and sepsis.
  • Low albumin levels are a significant predictor of patient mortality and morbidity.
  • The use and indications for human serum albumin supplementation have evolved with increased understanding of disease pathophysiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the causes of hypoalbuminemia.
  • To outline current, evidence-based indications for intravenous albumin administration.
  • To provide guidance on appropriate albumin supplementation based on clinical data and cost-effectiveness.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on hypoalbuminemia and albumin supplementation.

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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Isolation of Primary Mouse Hepatocytes for Nascent Protein Synthesis Analysis by Non-radioactive L-azidohomoalanine Labeling Method
08:04

Isolation of Primary Mouse Hepatocytes for Nascent Protein Synthesis Analysis by Non-radioactive L-azidohomoalanine Labeling Method

Published on: October 23, 2018

  • Analysis of pathophysiological mechanisms of diseases associated with hypoalbuminemia.
  • Evaluation of clinical trial data and established guidelines for albumin use.

    • Main Results:

    • Indications for intravenous albumin have decreased as disease understanding improved.
    • Albumin supplementation is recommended for specific scenarios: cirrhosis with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, large-volume paracentesis, hepatorenal syndrome type 1, sepsis resuscitation, and therapeutic plasmapheresis.
    • Use in burns, nephrotic syndrome, hemorrhagic shock, and HRS prevention is not first-line and lacks strong guideline support.

    Conclusions:

    • Albumin supplementation should be judiciously used in well-defined clinical situations due to cost and evolving indications.
    • Current evidence supports albumin administration primarily for severe conditions like decompensated cirrhosis and sepsis.
    • Further research may refine albumin's role in other clinical contexts.