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A novel tool for assessing and summarizing the built environment.

Gretchen L Kroeger1, Lynne Messer, Sharon E Edwards

  • 1Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708, USA.

International Journal of Health Geographics
|October 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a replicable tool to assess the residential built environment at the tax parcel level. This method creates meaningful indices for linking built environment data with health outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Urban planning and public health research.
  • Spatial analysis of the built environment.

Background:

  • Existing research lacks a systematic, large-scale spatial approach to built environment assessment.
  • Need for high-resolution data linking built environment to community health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a tool for assessing the residential built environment at the tax parcel level.
  • To develop a methodology for summarizing built environment data into indices for health research.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed a database of built environment variables with community partner input.
  • Conducted on-foot, curb-side assessments of tax parcels using GPS devices.
  • Collected data on over 80 variables for approximately 17,000 tax parcels in 2008.

Main Results:

  • Developed seven built environment indices by combining assessment data with crime and tax assessor data.
  • Aggregated indices to US Census blocks and novel community scales (PACs and SACs).
  • Disseminated findings to community members, public health professionals, and government officials.

Conclusions:

  • The assessment tool is easily replicable and comprehensive.
  • Introduced PACs and SACs as a novel way to approximate community scales.
  • Community-partner engagement throughout the research process provides a model for active research programs.