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Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...
Hearing01:31

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Electrically Evoked Stapedius Reflex Measurements in Cochlear Implantation and Its Application in the Postoperative Fitting Process
07:00

Electrically Evoked Stapedius Reflex Measurements in Cochlear Implantation and Its Application in the Postoperative Fitting Process

Published on: June 21, 2024

Relationship between auditory function of nonimplanted ears and bimodal benefit.

Ting Zhang1, Anthony J Spahr, Michael F Dorman

  • 1Department of Speech and Hearing Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.

Ear and Hearing
|October 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Spectral-modulation detection (SMD) effectively predicts speech understanding benefits in bimodal listeners using a cochlear implant (CI) and hearing aid. This measure helps determine if acoustic hearing aids speech intelligibility with a CI.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Electrically Evoked Stapedius Reflex Measurements in Cochlear Implantation and Its Application in the Postoperative Fitting Process
07:00

Electrically Evoked Stapedius Reflex Measurements in Cochlear Implantation and Its Application in the Postoperative Fitting Process

Published on: June 21, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

  • Bimodal hearing, combining cochlear implant (CI) and hearing aid use, offers significant speech understanding benefits.
  • Optimal bimodal benefit occurs when integrating both electric (CI) and acoustic (hearing aid) auditory information.
  • Predicting the extent of benefit from the hearing-aided ear remains a clinical challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if auditory function measures in the hearing-aided ear predict speech understanding benefits when combined with CI input.
  • To determine the predictive value of audiometric thresholds, speech understanding scores, and spectral-modulation detection (SMD) thresholds.

Main Methods:

  • Study included 22 bimodal listeners with a CI and low-frequency acoustic hearing.
  • Participants were grouped by hearing loss severity: mild-to-moderate and severe-to-profound.
  • Auditory function was assessed using low-frequency audiometry, speech recognition tests, and SMD thresholds.

Main Results:

  • All auditory function measures in the hearing-aided ear significantly correlated with combined-modality speech understanding benefits.
  • Benefit was strongly correlated with audiometric thresholds (r = -0.814), acoustic speech understanding (r = 0.635), and SMD thresholds (r = -0.895).
  • SMD thresholds showed significant correlation with benefit in both mild-to-moderate (r = -0.828) and severe-to-profound (r = -0.896) loss groups.

Conclusions:

  • Spectral-modulation detection (SMD) at 1 cycle/octave is a promising measure for predicting benefit.
  • SMD can inform clinicians about the potential contribution of an acoustically aided ear to speech intelligibility with a CI.
  • This finding aids in optimizing auditory rehabilitation strategies for bimodal users.