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Correlation analysis of internal jugular vein abnormalities and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
Ling-Yun Jia1, Yang Hua, Xun-Ming Ji
1Department of Vascular Ultrasonography, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
Insights
Internal jugular vein (IJV) abnormalities are a newly identified risk factor for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). This study found a strong correlation between IJV abnormalities and CVST development.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Vascular Medicine
- Radiology
Background:
- Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a stroke subtype with various causes, but some cases remain unexplained.
- Investigating novel risk factors is crucial for understanding CVST pathogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the association between internal jugular vein (IJV) abnormalities and the occurrence of CVST.
- To identify IJV abnormalities as a potential risk factor for CVST.
Main Methods:
- Color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) assessed IJV diameter, maximum velocity (Vmax), and reflux in 51 CVST patients and 30 controls.
- Statistical analyses included paired t tests and Pearson chi-square tests to evaluate IJV parameters and their relationship with CVST.
Main Results:
- 61% of CVST patients exhibited IJV abnormalities, including stenosis, hypoplasia, thrombosis, and valve anomalies.
- Unilateral IJV abnormalities correlated with ipsilateral CVST, with reduced diameter and altered Vmax observed on the lesion side.
- Specific abnormalities like annulus stenosis showed higher Vmax, while hypoplasia showed lower Vmax compared to the contralateral side.
Conclusions:
- Internal jugular vein abnormalities are closely associated with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.
- IJV abnormalities represent a newly identified and significant risk factor for CVST.
Background:
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a special form of stroke with multiple causes and risk factors. However, there are still a portion of cases with unknown reasons. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between internal jugular vein (IJV) abnormalities and the development of CVST.
Methods:
A total of 51 CVST patients and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. The diameter, the maximum velocity (Vmax) and the reflux time in bilateral IJVs were measured by color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI). The paired t test was used to compare the numeric values between the bilateral IJVs. The Pearson chi-square test was used to evaluate the relationship between IJV abnormality and CVST, IJV abnormality and IJV reflux, respectively.
Results:
Among the 51 CVST patients, 20 (39%) patients were with normal IJV and 31 (61%) patients were with abnormal IJV. The types of IJV abnormality included annulus stenosis 19 cases (61%), hypoplasia 9 cases (29%), thrombosis 2 cases (7%) and anomalous valve 1 case (3%). In patients with unilateral IJV abnormality, the minimum diameter of the IJV on the lesion side was significantly smaller than that of the contralateral side (P < 0.0001). When compared with contralateral side, the Vmax of the lesion side with unilateral annulus stenosis was significant higher, however, it was obvious lower in patients with unilateral hypoplasia (P < 0.05). Furthermore, among 27 cases with unilateral IJV abnormality, all the CVST occurred on the same side as the IJV lesions.
Conclusion:
IJV abnormality closely correlated with the development of CVST, which is a newly identified risk factor for CVST.
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