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Related Concept Videos

Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
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Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
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Gross Anatomy of Bone01:17

Gross Anatomy of Bone

The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
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Classification of Bones01:18

Classification of Bones

The bones of the human skeletal system are of varied shapes, sizes, and functions. They can be classified based on their shape and function into four major classes: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Some classifications include a fifth type, the sesamoid bones, as a separate class, whereas others categorize them under short bones.
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The long...
Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue01:23

Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue

Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
Bone Matrix
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a connective tissue that has a large amount of two different types of matrix material. The organic matrix is similar to the matrix material found in other connective tissues, including some amount of collagen and elastic fibers. This gives strength and flexibility to the tissue. The inorganic matrix consists of mineral salts— mostly calcium salts— that give the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Fragility Assessment of Bovine Cortical Bone Using Scratch Tests
08:36

Fragility Assessment of Bovine Cortical Bone Using Scratch Tests

Published on: November 30, 2017

Atypical fractures do not have a thicker cortex.

V A Koeppen1, J Schilcher, P Aspenberg

  • 1Orthopedics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden.

Osteoporosis International : a Journal Established As Result of Cooperation Between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA
|October 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found no significant difference in femoral cortical thickness between atypical and ordinary fractures after adjusting for age. The common suggestion of increased cortical thickness in atypical fractures should be reconsidered.

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Published on: November 30, 2017

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic research
  • Bone biomechanics
  • Radiographic analysis

Background:

  • Atypical femoral fractures are often associated with increased general cortical thickness.
  • Existing data supporting this association is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between general cortical thickness and atypical femoral shaft fractures.
  • To compare femoral cortical thickness in patients with atypical fractures versus ordinary fractures.

Main Methods:

  • Radiographic review of 59 women with atypical fractures and 218 with ordinary fractures from a Swedish study.
  • Comparison of femoral cortical thickness index (cortical thickness/femoral diameter) 5 cm below the lesser trochanter.
  • Case-control design with age correction.

Main Results:

  • Atypical fracture patients were younger and had a higher cortical thickness index before age correction.
  • Age-corrected analysis showed no significant difference in mean femoral cortical thickness between groups.
  • No significant difference was found based on bisphosphonate treatment or between ipsilateral and contralateral femurs.

Conclusions:

  • The hypothesis of generally increased cortical thickness in atypical femoral fractures is not supported by this study.
  • Femoral cortical thickness does not appear to be a distinguishing factor for atypical fractures when age is considered.