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Related Concept Videos

Anatomical Positions01:11

Anatomical Positions

In anatomy, several standard anatomical positions are used as references for describing the position and orientation of different body parts. These positions help provide a common frame of reference when discussing anatomical structures. The anatomical position is the standard reference point for describing the body's position and orientation. In this position:
The body is upright, facing forward, and standing erect.
The feet are parallel and flat on the floor.
The arms are hanging by the...
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management

Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned under...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

External Cephalic Version: Is it an Effective and Safe Procedure?
08:49

External Cephalic Version: Is it an Effective and Safe Procedure?

Published on: June 6, 2020

Cephalic version by postural management for breech presentation.

G Justus Hofmeyr1, Regina Kulier

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East London Hospital Complex, University of the Witwatersrand, University of FortHare, Eastern Cape Department of Health, East London, South Africa. justhof@gmail.com.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|October 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal postural management for breech presentation does not significantly alter birth outcomes. Current evidence is insufficient to recommend these techniques for reducing complications or caesarean sections.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Perinatal Health

Background:

  • Breech presentation increases risks of birth complications and caesarean delivery.
  • External cephalic version (ECV) can reduce breech presentation persistence and caesarean rates.
  • Maternal posture may influence fetal position, prompting investigation into postural techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of maternal postural management in improving pregnancy outcomes for breech presentation.
  • To assess interventions involving pelvic elevation, such as the knee-chest position and supine positions with pelvic cushions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials.
  • Searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register.
  • Included six studies with 417 women, assessing eligibility and trial quality.

Main Results:

  • Postural management showed no significant difference in non-cephalic births compared to controls (RR 0.98; 95% CI 0.84 to 1.15).
  • Caesarean section rates were similar between intervention and control groups (RR 1.10; 95% CI 0.89 to 1.37).
  • Apgar scores below 7 at one minute were comparable across groups (RR 0.88; 95% CI 0.50 to 1.55).

Conclusions:

  • Insufficient evidence from well-controlled trials supports postural management for breech presentation.
  • The number of women studied is relatively small, limiting definitive conclusions.
  • Further research is necessary to determine the efficacy of these techniques.