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Sex differences and adolescent depression.

B Allgood-Merten1, P M Lewinsohn, H Hops

  • 1Oregon Research Institute, Eugene 97403.

Journal of Abnormal Psychology
|February 1, 1990
PubMed
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Adolescent depression is linked to poor body image, low self-esteem, and stressful life events. These psychosocial factors significantly contribute to depressive symptoms in teenagers, highlighting areas for intervention.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Adolescent Health
  • Mental Health Research

Background:

  • Adolescent depression is a significant public health concern.
  • Understanding psychosocial correlates is crucial for effective prevention and intervention strategies.
  • Previous research indicates various factors may influence adolescent mental well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate psychosocial variables as correlates and antecedents of depression in adolescents.
  • To explore potential intraindividual mediators in the stress-depression relationship among adolescents.
  • To identify key contributors to adolescent depressive symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • A battery of self-report measures was administered to public high school students (Grades 9-12).

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  • Data were collected at two time points, one month apart, to assess changes and relationships.
  • Psychosocial variables including sex, age, body image, self-esteem, self-consciousness, stressful life events, and masculinity identification were assessed.

    • Main Results:

    • Female adolescents reported higher levels of depressive symptoms, self-consciousness, stressful events, and negative body image/self-esteem.
    • No significant age effects were found in relation to depressive symptoms.
    • Body image/self-esteem and stressful recent events emerged as significant contributors to adolescent depression.

    Conclusions:

    • A model of adolescent depression is suggested where body image/self-esteem and stressful life events are key predictors.
    • Psychosocial factors, particularly negative self-perception and life stressors, play a critical role in adolescent depression.
    • Findings underscore the importance of addressing body image and stress management in adolescent mental health initiatives.