Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Goiter01:27

Goiter

Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Predicting Factor for Occurrence of Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula in Patients with Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Antarctic aldehyde dehydrogenase from Flavobacterium PL002 as a potent catalyst for acetaldehyde determination in wine.

Scientific reports·2022
Same author

Does the Overall Survival of the Resectable Periampullary Carcinomas Correlate with High Expression of p53 and ki67?

Chirurgia (Bucharest, Romania : 1990)·2022
Same author

Proposal of a Preoperative CT-Based Score to Predict the Risk of Clinically Relevant Pancreatic Fistula after Cephalic Pancreatoduodenectomy.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)·2021
Same author

Laparoscopic Approach of Primary Hydatid Cyst of the Pancreas - Case Report and Literature Review.

Chirurgia (Bucharest, Romania : 1990)·2020
Same author

Pancreaticoduodenectomy In Patients With Hepatic Artery, Anatomic Variants: Tailoring, Perioperative Care and Surgical Outcomes.

Revista medico-chirurgicala a Societatii de Medici si Naturalisti din Iasi·2018
Same journal

Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil From Carum Carvi L. Cultivated in North-Eastern Romania.

Revista medico-chirurgicala a Societatii de Medici si Naturalisti din Iasi·2018
Same journal

Assessment of In Vitro Antioxidant activity of Some New Ferulic Acid Derivatives.

Revista medico-chirurgicala a Societatii de Medici si Naturalisti din Iasi·2018
Same journal

Fast RP-HPLC Method for the Determination of Bisoprolol.

Revista medico-chirurgicala a Societatii de Medici si Naturalisti din Iasi·2018
Same journal

In Vitro Dissolution Studies of Amiodarone Hydrochloride From Hydroxy-Propyl-β-Cyclodextrin/Amiodarone Inclusion Complex Formulated Into Modified-Release Tablets.

Revista medico-chirurgicala a Societatii de Medici si Naturalisti din Iasi·2018
Same journal

Esthetic Rehabilitation Through CAD/CAM Technology - Case Report.

Revista medico-chirurgicala a Societatii de Medici si Naturalisti din Iasi·2018
Same journal

Correlation Among Chronological Age, Dental Age and Cervical Vertebrae Maturity in Romanian Subjects.

Revista medico-chirurgicala a Societatii de Medici si Naturalisti din Iasi·2018
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter
04:09

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter

Published on: September 20, 2024

Retrosternal goiters.

E Târcoveanu1, A Vasilescu, N Vlad

  • 11st Surgery Clinic, "St. Spiridon" Hospital, Iasi.

Revista Medico-Chirurgicala a Societatii De Medici Si Naturalisti Din Iasi
|October 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Retrosternal goiter, where over 50% of the thyroid descends into the thorax, is a surgical pathology with declining incidence. Diagnosis and treatment require a multidisciplinary team, with surgery as the primary treatment.

More Related Videos

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
10:19

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

Published on: November 10, 2014

"Sun's Seven-Step Technique" for Endoscopic En-Bloc Resection of Thyroid Cancer via the Chest-Breast Approach
07:45

"Sun's Seven-Step Technique" for Endoscopic En-Bloc Resection of Thyroid Cancer via the Chest-Breast Approach

Published on: November 28, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter
04:09

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter

Published on: September 20, 2024

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
10:19

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

Published on: November 10, 2014

"Sun's Seven-Step Technique" for Endoscopic En-Bloc Resection of Thyroid Cancer via the Chest-Breast Approach
07:45

"Sun's Seven-Step Technique" for Endoscopic En-Bloc Resection of Thyroid Cancer via the Chest-Breast Approach

Published on: November 28, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Retrosternal goiter is defined as more than 50% of the thyroid gland descending into the thorax.
  • This condition represents a specific presentation within thyroid surgical pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the pathological features of retrosternal and substernal goiters.
  • To evaluate the diagnostic and treatment approaches for retrosternal goiter.
  • To compare recent findings with historical data on thoracic goiters.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 2482 patients who underwent thyroidectomy between 2000 and 2010.
  • Identification of 54 patients (2.17%) with retrosternal goiter.
  • Diagnosis confirmed by clinical examination, X-ray, ultrasonography, and CT scan.

Main Results:

  • Mean age at diagnosis was 55.3 years; 83.3% of cases were in women.
  • Compressive disorders dominated the clinical presentation.
  • Cervical approach was safe in most cases; sternotomy was required in 14.8%. Morbidity was 5.5% with no mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Retrosternal goiter has a declining incidence and requires multidisciplinary management.
  • Endocrinologists play a key role in diagnosis and postoperative care.
  • Surgery is the treatment of choice, with cervical approach preferred but sternotomy used when necessary.