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Related Concept Videos

Fault Types01:18

Fault Types

When analyzing a single line-to-ground fault from phase A to ground at a three-phase bus, it is important to consider the fault impedance. This impedance is zero for a bolted fault, equal to the arc impedance for an arcing fault, and represents the total fault impedance for a transmission-line insulator flashover. To derive sequence and phase currents, fault conditions are translated from the phase domain to the sequence domain.
For line-to-line faults occurring between phases B and C, the...
Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error01:10

Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error

The atomic mass of an element varies due to the relative ratio of its isotopes. A sample's relative proportion of oxygen isotopes influences its average atomic mass. For instance, if we were to measure the atomic mass of oxygen from a sample, the mass would be a weighted average of the isotopic masses of oxygen in that sample. Since a single sample is not likely to perfectly reflect the true atomic mass of oxygen for all the molecules of oxygen on Earth, the mass we obtain from this particular...
Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error00:59

Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error

An experiment often consists of more than a single step. In this case, measurements at each step give rise to uncertainty. Because the measurements occur in successive steps, the uncertainty in one step necessarily contributes to that in the subsequent step. As we perform statistical analysis on these types of experiments, we must learn to account for the propagation of uncertainty from one step to the next. The propagation of uncertainty depends on the type of arithmetic operation performed on...
Survival Tree01:19

Survival Tree

Survival trees are a non-parametric method used in survival analysis to model the relationship between a set of covariates and the time until an event of interest occurs, often referred to as the "time-to-event" or "survival time." This method is particularly useful when dealing with censored data, where the event has not occurred for some individuals by the end of the study period, or when the exact time of the event is unknown.
 Building a Survival Tree
Constructing a survival tree begins...
Bus Impedance Matrix01:24

Bus Impedance Matrix

Calculating subtransient fault currents for three-phase faults in an N-bus power system involves using the positive-sequence network. When a three-phase short circuit occurs at a specific bus, the analysis uses the superposition method to evaluate two separate circuits.
In the first circuit, all machine voltage sources are short-circuited, leaving only the prefault voltage source at the fault location. The positive-sequence bus impedance matrix can be determined by solving the nodal equations,...
Uncertainty: Overview00:59

Uncertainty: Overview

In analytical chemistry, we often perform repetitive measurements to detect and minimize inaccuracies caused by both determinate and indeterminate errors. Despite the cares we take, the presence of random errors means that repeated measurements almost never have exactly the same magnitude. The collective difference between these measurements - observed values - and the estimated or expected value is called uncertainty. Uncertainty is conventionally written after the estimated or expected value.

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Related Experiment Videos

Uncertainty analysis in fault tree models with dependent basic events.

Nicola Pedroni1, Enrico Zio

  • 1Energy Department, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milano, Italy.

Risk Analysis : an Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis
|October 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study examines how objective and epistemic dependencies impact fault tree (FT) top event (TE) probabilities. Results indicate objective dependence significantly influences TE probability, potentially overshadowing epistemic dependence effects.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Reliability Engineering
  • Probability Theory
  • Risk Analysis

Background:

  • Fault tree analysis (FTA) is crucial for system reliability.
  • Estimating top event (TE) probabilities requires considering dependencies between basic events (BEs).
  • Two key dependencies exist: objective (random occurrences) and epistemic (uncertainty in probability estimates).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of objective and epistemic dependencies on fault tree (FT) top event (TE) probabilities.
  • To model these dependencies using established methods.
  • To quantify their respective impacts on TE probability estimation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Frèchet bounds to model objective dependencies between basic events (BEs).
  • Employed the distribution envelope determination (DEnv) method for epistemic dependencies.
  • Applied these methods to a fault tree (FT) with six BEs for analysis.

Main Results:

  • Both objective and epistemic dependencies were found to significantly affect the top event (TE) probability.
  • The impact of objective dependence on TE probability was more pronounced.
  • Epistemic dependence effects are likely to be overwhelmed by objective dependence when both are present.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate fault tree (FT) analysis necessitates the consideration of both objective and epistemic dependencies.
  • Objective dependencies play a dominant role in influencing top event (TE) probabilities.
  • Understanding these dependencies is critical for robust system reliability and risk assessment.