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Related Concept Videos

Deglutition01:25

Deglutition

Swallowing, otherwise known as deglutition, facilitates the transport of food from the mouth to the stomach. It is a multifaceted process that involves both the tongue and the muscles of the throat and esophagus. Saliva and mucus aid in this process, which takes approximately 4 to 8 seconds for semi-solid or solid food and around 1 second for liquids or very soft food.
Swallowing can be divided into three stages: the voluntary phase, the pharyngeal phase, and the esophageal phase. Although the...
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Articulations of the Vertebral Column01:28

Articulations of the Vertebral Column

In addition to being held together by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebrae also articulate with each other at synovial joints formed between the superior and inferior articular processes called zygapophysial joints (facet joints). These are plane joints that provide for only limited motions between the vertebrae. The orientation of the articular processes at these joints varies in different regions of the vertebral column and serves to determine the types of motions available in each...
The Hyoid Bone01:12

The Hyoid Bone

The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

A Protocol for Comprehensive Assessment of Bulbar Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
12:43

A Protocol for Comprehensive Assessment of Bulbar Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Published on: February 21, 2011

"De mandibulae dysarthria"--thinking outside the box.

Julien F Bally1, Pierre Mégevand, Anne-Catherine M Huys

  • 1Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals and School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.

The Journal of Emergency Medicine
|October 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Strict adherence to emergency protocols can be risky. A thorough patient history and physical exam are crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment, even in urgent situations.

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Published on: August 16, 2019

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A Protocol for Comprehensive Assessment of Bulbar Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
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05:38

A Minimally Invasive Lesion Technique for Muscles Intrinsic to the Odontophore of Aplysia californica

Published on: August 16, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Emergency Department (ED) decisions are often time-sensitive, limiting comprehensive patient evaluation.
  • Protocols are essential but can pose risks if applied rigidly in critical care.

Observation:

  • This report details an atypical case of acute dysarthria presenting in the emergency setting.
  • The case highlights a diagnostic challenge where initial symptoms could be misleading.

Findings:

  • A strict adherence to established protocols, without considering atypical presentations, can lead to diagnostic delays or errors.
  • Thorough patient history and physical examination are paramount, even under time constraints.

Implications:

  • Clinicians must balance protocol adherence with individualized patient assessment in emergency medicine.
  • The principle of 'thinking outside the box' is vital for managing complex or unusual cases effectively.