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Related Concept Videos

Monohybrid Crosses01:20

Monohybrid Crosses

Overview
Monohybrid Crosses01:20

Monohybrid Crosses

Overview
Dihybrid Crosses01:18

Dihybrid Crosses

Overview
Law of Independent Assortment02:03

Law of Independent Assortment

While Mendel’s Law of Segregation states that the two alleles for one gene are separated into different gametes, a different question of how different genes are inherited remains. For example, is the gene for tall plants inherited with the gene for green peas? Mendel asked this question by experimenting with a dihybrid cross; a cross in which both parents are homozygous for two distinct traits resulting in an F1 generation that are heterozygous for both traits.
Law of Segregation01:49

Law of Segregation

When crossing pea plants, Mendel noticed that one of the parental traits would sometimes disappear in the first generation of offspring, called the F1 generation, and could reappear in the next generation (F2). He concluded that one of the traits must be dominant over the other, thereby causing masking of one trait in the F1 generation. When he crossed the F1 plants, he found that 75% of the offspring in the F2 generation had the dominant phenotype, while 25% had the recessive phenotype.
Trihybrid Crosses02:27

Trihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal chance to...

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Messing with Mendel.

James A Birchler1

  • 1Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. birchlerj@missouri.edu

Developmental Cell
|October 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Paramutation, an epigenetic process violating Mendelian inheritance, was found in Drosophila. This phenomenon is mediated by piwi-interacting RNAs, expanding its known biological scope.

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Paramutation, a trans-generational epigenetic inheritance mechanism, was initially identified in maize.
  • It involves changes in gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence, challenging classical genetics.
  • Paramutation typically violates Mendel's Law of Segregation.

Discussion:

  • A study in Drosophila revealed a phenomenon analogous to paramutation.
  • This newly described process is regulated by piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs).
  • The discovery suggests conserved mechanisms of epigenetic regulation across diverse species.

Key Insights:

  • Epigenetic paramutation is not exclusive to plants.
  • piRNAs play a crucial role in mediating this epigenetic switching in Drosophila.
  • This finding broadens the understanding of epigenetic inheritance.

Outlook:

  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise molecular mechanisms of piRNA-mediated paramutation in Drosophila.
  • Investigating paramutation in other animal models could reveal broader evolutionary implications.
  • Understanding these epigenetic processes may offer new avenues for controlling gene expression.