Crystal structures and stability of trigonal KLnF4 fluorides (Ln = Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb)

Crystal structures of pure and doped KLnF(4) (Ln = Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb) grown hydrothermally were studied with synchrotron single-crystal and powder diffraction as a function of temperature and pressure. At atmospheric conditions, KHoF(4) and KErF(4) crystallize in space group P3(1), while KTmF(4), Er:KYbF(4), and KYF(4) crystallize in space group P3(2). In both enantiomorphic structures, the K(+) and Ln(3+) cations are completely ordered. The pseudo-symmetry of the structures with respect to the two minimal supergroups k = 3 (P3(1) and P3(2)) and t = 2 (P3(1)12 and P3(2)12) increases with decreasing radius of the Ln(3+) cation, respectively. No phase transition is detected in KYF(4) at low temperatures down to 100 K at atmospheric pressure. Er:KYbF(4) and KYF(4) undergo irreversible pressure-induced phase transitions at about 4 GPa. In each case, the single crystals become fragmented into several crystallites as observed during single-crystal measurements in diamond anvil cells. Up to the phase transitions, both Er:KYbF(4) and KYF(4) are more compressible along the c axis and their bulk compressibility predominantly results from the contraction of the KF(8) polyhedra. The application of pressure does not affect the distribution of the cations in the crystal structures of Er:KYbF(4) and KYF(4) up to the phase transitions at about 4 GPa.