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Related Concept Videos

Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

Muscles that Move the Arm

Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Knotless Independent Double-Row Repair and Biceps Augmentation for Anterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears
05:25

Knotless Independent Double-Row Repair and Biceps Augmentation for Anterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears

Published on: January 23, 2026

Augmentation techniques for rotator cuff repair.

Rocco Papalia1, Francesco Franceschi, Biagio Zampogna

  • 1Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Mile End Hospital, 275 Bancroft Road, London, UK. n.maffulli@qmul.ac.uk

British Medical Bulletin
|October 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rotator cuff repair augmentation shows no significant improvement in outcomes. Current augmentation devices have weaknesses, and more research is needed for routine clinical use.

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Published on: January 13, 2026

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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Knotless Independent Double-Row Repair and Biceps Augmentation for Anterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears
05:25

Knotless Independent Double-Row Repair and Biceps Augmentation for Anterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears

Published on: January 23, 2026

A Novel Arthroscopic Medial Knot-Tying Suture-Bridge Repair with Rip-Stop Technique for Rotator Cuff Tears
06:41

A Novel Arthroscopic Medial Knot-Tying Suture-Bridge Repair with Rip-Stop Technique for Rotator Cuff Tears

Published on: January 13, 2026

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Rotator cuff tears frequently recur and heal poorly after surgical repair.
  • Augmentation strategies aim to enhance rotator cuff repair outcomes and shoulder function.
  • Systematic review of clinical outcomes following rotator cuff augmentation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the literature on clinical outcomes of augmented rotator cuff repairs.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of various augmentation devices.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of major databases (Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane) up to June 2012.
  • Inclusion of studies on human patients undergoing augmented rotator cuff repair.
  • Methodological quality assessment using the Coleman Methodology Score (CMS).

Main Results:

  • Thirty-two studies were included (2 retrospective, 30 prospective).
  • Biologic (24), synthetic (7), and cellular (1) devices were used.
  • Mean modified CMS was 64.0, indicating moderate methodological quality.
  • Heterogeneity in outcome scores limited direct comparison between studies.

Conclusions:

  • No augmentation device is without flaws or weaknesses.
  • Augmented procedures do not demonstrate a dramatic increase in clinical or functional outcomes compared to controls.
  • Further high-quality scientific evidence is required before routine clinical adoption of rotator cuff augmentation.